Comparative effects of wheat varieties and xylanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization, net energy, and whole-body energy and nutrient partitioning in broilers at different ages. 2019

O A Olukosi, and M R Bedford
Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.

A total of 1,200 male broiler chicks were used in a 28 D experiment to study how differences in chemical and physical properties of wheat varieties influence their utilization by broilers at different ages. The birds were allocated to 8 dietary treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial treatment arrangement. The factors were two levels of xylanase supplementation (0 or 16,000 BXU/kg) and 4 varieties of wheat (Barrel, Lili, Trinity, and Leeds). Effect of age (7, 14, 21, and 28 D) was included to have 2 × 4 × 4 factorial. Each of the 8 dietary treatments had 10 replicates and 15 birds per replicate. Birds and feed were weighed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Excreta were collected from the birds in metabolism cages on days 6 to 7, 13 to 14, 20 to 21, and 27 to 28. On days 7, 14, 21, and 28, 2 representative birds from each pen were euthanized for whole body energy and nutrient accretion, and 1 additional bird per pen was euthanized for measurement of the digestive organs. There was no significant wheat × xylanase × age for any of the response but there was significant (P < 0.05) wheat × age and wheat × enzyme interactions for total and daily weight gain. Nitrogen retention was greater (P < 0.01) but metabolizable (AME) was lower (P < 0.01) in Trinity variety compared with the other wheat varieties. Xylanase supplementation increased (P < 0.05) DM retention and tended to improve (P = 0.089) AME. Net energy for production (NEp) was greater (P < 0.01) for Lili compared with Trinity or Leeds varieties and xylanase increased (P < 0.05) NEp and total and efficiency of energy retained as fat. There was marginal reduction in length of small intestine in broilers receiving xylanase-supplemented diet on day 7 only. It was concluded that the differences in endosperm texture of the wheat varieties tested did not confer stark differences in the response of the broiler chickens to xylanase supplementation and therefore, qualitative assessment of wheat varieties cannot be based solely on differences in endosperm texture of wheats.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D011897 Random Allocation A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects. Randomization,Allocation, Random
D002645 Chickens Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA. Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D004032 Diet Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal. Diets
D004064 Digestive System A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS). Ailmentary System,Alimentary System
D004734 Energy Metabolism The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells. Bioenergetics,Energy Expenditure,Bioenergetic,Energy Expenditures,Energy Metabolisms,Expenditure, Energy,Expenditures, Energy,Metabolism, Energy,Metabolisms, Energy
D000078622 Nutrients Various components of food that are required for nourishment. Macronutrients,Macronutrient,Nutrient
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000821 Animal Feed Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock. Fodder,Animal Feeds,Feed, Animal,Feeds, Animal,Fodders
D000824 Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Nutritional physiology of animals. Animal Nutrition Physiology,Animal Nutritional Physiology Phenomena,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomenon,Animal Nutritional Physiology,Animal Nutritional Physiology Phenomenon,Veterinary Nutritional Physiology,Nutrition Physiologies, Animal,Nutrition Physiology, Animal,Nutritional Physiology, Animal,Nutritional Physiology, Veterinary,Physiology, Animal Nutrition,Physiology, Animal Nutritional,Physiology, Veterinary Nutritional

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