Efficacy of midazolam addition to local anesthetic in peribulbar block : Randomized controlled trial. 2019

M Ibrahim, and E Gomaa
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. mibrahim72@hotmail.com.

Peribulbar block is considered a safe option for patients undergoing cataract surgery. The limited duration of regional eye blocks was shown to be the main problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adjuvant midazolam (in two concentrations) to lidocaine in the peribulbar block. This study included 90 adult patients aged 40-70 years undergoing cataract surgery. Each patient was appointed to one of three groups. Group C received a single injection of a peribulbar block using a combination of lidocaine 2% and hyaluronidase 15 IU/ml, group M1 received a combination of lidocaine 2%, hyaluronidase 15 IU/ml plus midazolam 50 µg/ml and group M2 received lidocaine 2%, hyaluronidase 15 IU/ml plus midazolam 100 µg/ml. The quality of the peribulbar block showed significant improvement among groups by one-way ANOVA (p = 0.002). The mean onset time of the sensory block was significantly shorter in the M2 and M1 groups (1.66 min and 2.17 min, respectively) compared to the control group C (2.52 min), while the onset of lid and globe akinesia lacked significance between the three groups (p = 0.23 and 0.06, respectively). Significance in mean values was found between the control (C) and M2 groups regarding orbicularis oculi function, digital spear pressure, topical anesthetic sting and the total score (P-values = 0.004, 0.016, 0.033 and 0.001, respectively). The duration of lid akinesia and sensory anesthesia were significantly different between the three groups (P = 0.048 and P<0.001, respectively) whereas the duration of globe akinesia was insignificant (P = 0.432). Addition of midazolam to local anesthetic significantly improved the quality of peribulbar block, hastened the onset of sensory anesthesia, lid and globe akinesia and increased the duration of analgesia without notable side effects.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008012 Lidocaine A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE. Lignocaine,2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)Acetamide,2-2EtN-2MePhAcN,Dalcaine,Lidocaine Carbonate,Lidocaine Carbonate (2:1),Lidocaine Hydrocarbonate,Lidocaine Hydrochloride,Lidocaine Monoacetate,Lidocaine Monohydrochloride,Lidocaine Monohydrochloride, Monohydrate,Lidocaine Sulfate (1:1),Octocaine,Xylesthesin,Xylocaine,Xylocitin,Xyloneural
D008297 Male Males
D008874 Midazolam A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH. Dormicum,Midazolam Hydrochloride,Midazolam Maleate,Ro 21-3981,Versed,Hydrochloride, Midazolam,Maleate, Midazolam,Ro 21 3981,Ro 213981
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D009407 Nerve Block Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain. Chemical Neurolysis,Chemodenervation,Nerve Blockade,Block, Nerve,Blockade, Nerve,Blockades, Nerve,Blocks, Nerve,Chemical Neurolyses,Chemodenervations,Nerve Blockades,Nerve Blocks,Neurolyses, Chemical,Neurolysis, Chemical
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D002387 Cataract Extraction The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye. Enzymatic Zonulolysis,Phakectomy,Cataract Extractions,Enzymatic Zonulolyses,Extraction, Cataract,Extractions, Cataract,Phakectomies,Zonulolyses, Enzymatic,Zonulolysis, Enzymatic
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006821 Hyaluronoglucosaminidase An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Hyaluronidase,Duran-Reynals Permeability Factor,GL Enzyme,Hyaglosidase,Hyaluronate Hydrolase,Wydase,Duran Reynals Permeability Factor,Factor, Duran-Reynals Permeability,Hydrolase, Hyaluronate,Permeability Factor, Duran-Reynals

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