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Treatments used for obsessive-compulsive disorder-An international perspective. 2019
Vlasios Brakoulias, and
Vladan Starcevic, and
Umberto Albert, and
Shyam Sundar Arumugham, and
Brenda E Bailey, and
Amparo Belloch, and
Tania Borda, and
Liliana Dell'Osso, and
Jason A Elias, and
Martha J Falkenstein, and
Ygor A Ferrao, and
Leonardo F Fontenelle, and
Lena Jelinek, and
Leto Kalogeraki, and
Brian Kay, and
Luana D Laurito, and
Christine Lochner, and
Giuseppe Maina, and
Donatella Marazziti, and
Andrew Martin, and
Hisato Matsunaga, and
Euripedes C Miguel, and
Pedro Morgado, and
Irakis Mourikis, and
Massimo Pasquini, and
Rodrigo Perez Rivera, and
Sriramya Potluri, and
Janardhan Y C Reddy, and
Brian C Riemann, and
Maria Conceição do Rosario, and
Roseli G Shavitt, and
Dan J Stein, and
Kirupumani Viswasam, and
Zhen Wang, and
Naomi A Fineberg
Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia.
The objective of this study was to characterise international trends in the use of psychotropic medication, psychological therapies, and novel therapies used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Researchers in the field of OCD were invited to contribute summary statistics on the characteristics of their samples. Consistency of summary statistics across countries was evaluated. The study surveyed 19 expert centres from 15 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States) providing a total sample of 7,340 participants. Fluoxetine (n = 972; 13.2%) and fluvoxamine (n = 913; 12.4%) were the most commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications. Risperidone (n = 428; 7.3%) and aripiprazole (n = 415; 7.1%) were the most commonly used antipsychotic agents. Neurostimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, gamma knife surgery, and psychosurgery were used in less than 1% of the sample. There was significant variation in the use and accessibility of exposure and response prevention for OCD. The variation between countries in treatments used for OCD needs further evaluation. Exposure and response prevention is not used as frequently as guidelines suggest and appears difficult to access in most countries. Updated treatment guidelines are recommended.
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