Polypropylene (PP) meshes are one of the most commonly used prosthesis materials in repairing abdominal wall defects. However, their application is usually limited due to possible serious abdominal adhesions between the mesh and the viscera. Instilling PP meshes with excellent anti-adhesion characteristics is still a formidable challenge. In this work, in order to prevent intestinal adhesion to the PP mesh, an effective method was developed to prepare anti-adhesive PP meshes, which was inspired by mussel adhesive proteins. A functional monomer, namely, dopamine methacrylamide, was first synthesized. Then, it was copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate on the surface of O2-plasma-treated PP (OPP) meshes to form comb-like copolymer poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-co-dopamine methacrylamide] (PEDMA), which was simultaneously grafted in situ on the OPP mesh surface through the catechol group of PEDMA, subsequently yielding an anti-adhesive PP mesh (OPP-g-PEDMA). The properties of PEDMA and OPP-g-PEDMA meshes were characterized by NMR, GPC, TGA, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and water contact angle measurements. NIH-3T3 cells were employed to assess the cytocompatibility of OPP-g-PEDMA in vitro. Furthermore, the rat abdominal wall defect model was used to evaluate the efficacy of adhesion prevention. The results show that OPP-g-PEDMA not only possesses fantastic biocompatibility but also satisfactory anti-adhesion property involving minimal chronic inflammation, as well as lower adhesion formation rate and adhesion tenacity scores (less than 1.0). This type of OPP-g-PEDMA mesh is a promising candidate in effectively preventing peritoneal adhesion during abdominal wall defect repair.