Biomaterial Database

Estimation of log-odds ratio from group testing data using Firth correction. 2019

Surupa Roy, and Tathagata Banerjee

Department of Statistics, St Xavier's College, Kolkata, India.

We consider the estimation of the prevalence of a rare disease, and the log-odds ratio for two specified groups of individuals from group testing data. For a low-prevalence disease, the maximum likelihood estimate of the log-odds ratio is severely biased. However, Firth correction to the score function leads to a considerable improvement of the estimator. Also, for a low-prevalence disease, if the diagnostic test is imperfect, the group testing is found to yield more precise estimate of the log-odds ratio than the individual testing.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001699	Biometry	The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.	Biometric Analysis,Biometrics,Analyses, Biometric,Analysis, Biometric,Biometric Analyses
D015233	Models, Statistical	Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.	Probabilistic Models,Statistical Models,Two-Parameter Models,Model, Statistical,Models, Binomial,Models, Polynomial,Statistical Model,Binomial Model,Binomial Models,Model, Binomial,Model, Polynomial,Model, Probabilistic,Model, Two-Parameter,Models, Probabilistic,Models, Two-Parameter,Polynomial Model,Polynomial Models,Probabilistic Model,Two Parameter Models,Two-Parameter Model
D015995	Prevalence	The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.	Period Prevalence,Point Prevalence,Period Prevalences,Point Prevalences,Prevalence, Period,Prevalence, Point,Prevalences
D016013	Likelihood Functions	Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.	Likelihood Ratio Test,Maximum Likelihood Estimates,Estimate, Maximum Likelihood,Estimates, Maximum Likelihood,Function, Likelihood,Functions, Likelihood,Likelihood Function,Maximum Likelihood Estimate,Test, Likelihood Ratio
D016017	Odds Ratio	The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.	Cross-Product Ratio,Risk Ratio,Relative Odds,Cross Product Ratio,Cross-Product Ratios,Odds Ratios,Odds, Relative,Ratio, Cross-Product,Ratio, Risk,Ratios, Cross-Product,Ratios, Risk,Risk Ratios
D035583	Rare Diseases	A large group of diseases which are characterized by a low prevalence in the population. They frequently are associated with problems in diagnosis and treatment.	Orphan Diseases,Disease, Orphan,Disease, Rare,Orphan Disease,Rare Disease