Adipose tissue is the source of adipokines (leptine, adiponectine, resistine, interleukin-1, 6, 7, 8, 15, visfatine, PPAR-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, vaspine, chemerine, progranuline, endocannabinoids, lipocaline-2, apleine, omentine, nesfatine-1) - biological active molecules of adipose tissue that have local and systematic effect on body. Changing of their level in the body is associated with insulin resistance, endothelium dysfunction, arterial hypertension, bronchial asthma and obesity progressing. Adipokines are heterogenous group of molecules, one part of them is produced directly by abdominal adipose tissue; another part of them is produced in other tissues but they indirectly affect development and functioning of adipose tissue. The study of adipokines lets us observe the pathogenesis of obesity, associated cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 with another way. It will give us an opportunity to compose scientific base for recognizing, preventing and treatment of such diseases. It is necessary to realize that obesity with diabetes mellitus type 2 and atherosclerosis are inflammatory diseases, that's why we need to study pro- and anti-inflammatory factors of adipokines. The production of majority of inflammatory mediators is increased in case of obesity and contributes progressing of obesity and metabolic diseases. It is actual to observe adipokines as biomarkers of pathological processes, in future it will be available to prevent pathological processes, to establish prophylaxis of disease and to support positive treatment.