Biomaterial Database

Assessment of intramuscular emulsified disulfiram in alcoholics by estimation of urinary diethylamine. 1988

K A Carey-Smith, and T A Joll, and V S Nyoni, and B L Irvine

Taranki Alcohol and Drug Dependence Unit, Stratford Hospital, New Zealand.

Five alcoholics administered 1 g of disulfiram in soybean emulsion by deep intramuscular injection were found to have insignificant urinary levels of disulfiram metabolites compared with five patients on oral disulfiram. Disulfiram administered in this way is unlikely to produce a significant reaction with ethanol, but its value as a placebo should not be discounted. In this pilot trial, the technique caused moderate local and systemic reactions and possible hepatic toxicity. Although in other respects the method is superior to surgical implants, modification of dosage and vehicle will be necessary, and the high incidence and severity of side effects preclude further clinical use of disulfiram in this form. Based on the work of Gordis and Peterson, a qualitative and quantitative thin-layer chromatographic urine assay method for the disulfiram metabolite diethylamine, measured as cupric diethyldithiocarbamate, was developed. This is practicable in a hospital laboratory situation and has application for compliance testing in patients on oral disulfiram.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007273	Injections, Intramuscular	Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.	Intramuscular Injections,Injection, Intramuscular,Intramuscular Injection
D008111	Liver Function Tests	Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.	Function Test, Liver,Function Tests, Liver,Liver Function Test,Test, Liver Function,Tests, Liver Function
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D010865	Pilot Projects	Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.	Pilot Studies,Pilot Study,Pilot Project,Project, Pilot,Projects, Pilot,Studies, Pilot,Study, Pilot
D002986	Clinical Trials as Topic	Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.	Clinical Trial as Topic
D003692	Delayed-Action Preparations	Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.	Controlled Release Formulation,Controlled-Release Formulation,Controlled-Release Preparation,Delayed-Action Preparation,Depot Preparation,Depot Preparations,Extended Release Formulation,Extended Release Preparation,Prolonged-Action Preparation,Prolonged-Action Preparations,Sustained Release Formulation,Sustained-Release Preparation,Sustained-Release Preparations,Timed-Release Preparation,Timed-Release Preparations,Controlled-Release Formulations,Controlled-Release Preparations,Extended Release Formulations,Extended Release Preparations,Slow Release Formulation,Sustained Release Formulations,Controlled Release Formulations,Controlled Release Preparation,Controlled Release Preparations,Delayed Action Preparation,Delayed Action Preparations,Formulation, Controlled Release,Formulations, Controlled Release,Prolonged Action Preparation,Release Formulation, Controlled,Release Formulations, Controlled,Sustained Release Preparation,Timed Release Preparation,Timed Release Preparations
D004048	Diethylamines	Diethylamine with the formula CH3CH2NHCH2CH3 and its derivatives.
D004221	Disulfiram	A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.	Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide,Alcophobin,Antabus,Antabuse,Anticol,Bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) Disulfide,Dicupral,Esperal,Tetraethylthioperoxydicarbonic Diamide, ((H2N)C(S))2S2,Teturam,Disulfide, Tetraethylthiuram
D005260	Female		Females