Advancing Frontiers in Bone Bioprinting. 2019

Nureddin Ashammakhi, and Anwarul Hasan, and Outi Kaarela, and Batzaya Byambaa, and Amir Sheikhi, and Akhilesh K Gaharwar, and Ali Khademhosseini
Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cell-laden biomaterials is used to fabricate constructs that can mimic the structure of native tissues. The main techniques used for 3D bioprinting include microextrusion, inkjet, and laser-assisted bioprinting. Bioinks used for bone bioprinting include hydrogels loaded with bioactive ceramics, cells, and growth factors. In this review, a critical overview of the recent literature on various types of bioinks used for bone bioprinting is presented. Major challenges, such as the vascularity, clinically relevant size, and mechanical properties of 3D printed structures, that need to be addressed to successfully use the technology in clinical settings, are discussed. Emerging approaches to solve these problems are reviewed, and future strategies to design customized 3D printed structures are proposed.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010012 Osteogenesis The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification. Bone Formation,Ossification, Physiologic,Endochondral Ossification,Ossification,Ossification, Physiological,Osteoclastogenesis,Physiologic Ossification,Endochondral Ossifications,Ossification, Endochondral,Ossifications,Ossifications, Endochondral,Osteoclastogeneses,Physiological Ossification
D001842 Bone and Bones A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principal cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX. Bone Tissue,Bone and Bone,Bone,Bones,Bones and Bone,Bones and Bone Tissue,Bony Apophyses,Bony Apophysis,Condyle,Apophyses, Bony,Apophysis, Bony,Bone Tissues,Condyles,Tissue, Bone,Tissues, Bone
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001672 Biocompatible Materials Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function. Biomaterials,Bioartificial Materials,Hemocompatible Materials,Bioartificial Material,Biocompatible Material,Biomaterial,Hemocompatible Material,Material, Bioartificial,Material, Biocompatible,Material, Hemocompatible
D059630 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mesenchymal stem cells, also referred to as multipotent stromal cells or mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent, non-hematopoietic adult stem cells that are present in multiple tissues, including BONE MARROW; ADIPOSE TISSUE; and WHARTON JELLY. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into mesodermal lineages, such as adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrocytic. Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cell,Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Bone Marrow Stromal Cell,Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Multipotent,Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells,Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell,Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells,Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose-Derived,Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, Multipotent,Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Stem Cells, Mesenchymal,Wharton Jelly Cells,Wharton's Jelly Cells,Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Derived,Progenitor Cell, Mesenchymal,Progenitor Cells, Mesenchymal,Stem Cell, Mesenchymal,Stromal Cell, Mesenchymal,Stromal Cells, Mesenchymal,Wharton's Jelly Cell,Whartons Jelly Cells
D062028 Bioprinting A material transfer technique used for assembling biological material or cells into a prescribed organization to create functional structures such as MICROCHIP ANALYTICAL DEVICES, cell microarrays, or three dimensional anatomical structures. 3D Bioprinting,Three-Dimensional Bioprinting,3D Bioprintings,Bioprinting, 3D,Bioprinting, Three-Dimensional,Three Dimensional Bioprinting,Three-Dimensional Bioprintings
D020100 Hydrogels Water swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They are used in paints, printing inks, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Hydrogel,In Situ Hydrogel,In Situ Hydrogels,Patterned Hydrogel,Patterned Hydrogels,Hydrogel, In Situ,Hydrogel, Patterned
D023822 Tissue Engineering Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures. Engineering, Tissue
D066330 Printing, Three-Dimensional Process for making, building or constructing a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model by laying down many successive thin layers of building material. 3-D Printing,3-Dimensional Printing,3D Printing,Three-Dimensional Printing,3 D Printing,3 Dimensional Printing,3-D Printings,3-Dimensional Printings,3D Printings,Printing, 3-D,Printing, 3-Dimensional,Printing, 3D,Printing, Three Dimensional,Printings, 3-D,Printings, 3-Dimensional,Printings, 3D,Printings, Three-Dimensional,Three Dimensional Printing,Three-Dimensional Printings

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