Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). 2019

Susanne Hofmann, and Maria-Luisa Schubert, and Lei Wang, and Bailin He, and Brigitte Neuber, and Peter Dreger, and Carsten Müller-Tidow, and Michael Schmitt
Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology/Oncology/Rheumatology), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. susanne.hofmann@med.uni-heidelberg.de.

Despite high response rates after initial chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), relapses occur frequently, resulting in a five-year-survival by <30% of the patients. Hitherto, allogeneic hemotopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the best curative treatment option in intermediate and high risk AML. It is the proof-of-concept for T cell-based immunotherapies in AML based on the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL)-effect, but it also bears the risk of graft-versus-host disease. CD19-targeting therapies employing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a breakthrough in cancer therapy. A similar approach for myeloid malignancies is highly desirable. This article gives an overview on the state-of-the art of preclinical and clinical studies on suitable target antigens for CAR T cell therapy in AML patients.

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