| D004361 |
Drug Tolerance |
Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL. |
Drug Tolerances,Tolerance, Drug,Tolerances, Drug |
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| D005658 |
Fungi |
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies. |
Fungi, Filamentous,Molds,Filamentous Fungi,Filamentous Fungus,Fungus,Fungus, Filamentous,Mold |
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| D001419 |
Bacteria |
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive. |
Eubacteria |
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| D001709 |
Biotechnology |
Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. |
Biotechnologies |
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| D013678 |
Technology, Pharmaceutical |
The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures, and in the treatment of patients. |
Technology, Pharmacy,Pharmaceutic Technology,Pharmaceutical Technology,Pharmacy Technology,Technology, Pharmaceutic |
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| D053858 |
Metabolic Networks and Pathways |
Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites. |
Metabolic Networks,Metabolic Pathways,Metabolic Network,Metabolic Pathway,Network, Metabolic,Networks, Metabolic,Pathway, Metabolic,Pathways, Metabolic |
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| D058086 |
Microalgae |
A non-taxonomic term for unicellular microscopic algae which are found in both freshwater and marine environments. Some authors consider DIATOMS; CYANOBACTERIA; HAPTOPHYTA; and DINOFLAGELLATES as part of microalgae, even though they are not algae. |
Microphytes |
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| D058615 |
Synthetic Biology |
A field of biological research combining engineering in the formulation, design, and building (synthesis) of novel biological structures, functions, and systems. |
Biologies, Synthetic,Biology, Synthetic,Synthetic Biologies |
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| D060847 |
Metabolic Engineering |
Methods and techniques used to genetically modify cells' biosynthetic product output and develop conditions for growing the cells as BIOREACTORS. |
Engineering, Metabolic |
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