Biomaterial Database

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Treating Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. 2019

Roma Patel, and Anne Lynn S Chang

Cutaneous Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common human malignancies, and the incidence is increasing with time. High mutational loads, known infiltration with lymphocytes, and programmed death (PD)-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression suggest that immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1 inhibitors, may show utility in treating CSCC, similar to response see in other solid tumor types. Recently, the robust responsiveness of CSCCs to the PD-1 inhibitor cemiplimab was revealed in the results of a combined phase I/II clinical trial, with an overall response rate of 50% and a durable response exceeding 6 months in 57% of responders. Compared to prior systemic therapies with scant data for efficacy and safety, cemiplimab is a breakthrough therapy, the first systemic drug approved for advanced CSCCs. Other immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise through case reports and series, and are currently in clinical development for CSCCs.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002294	Carcinoma, Squamous Cell	A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	Carcinoma, Epidermoid,Carcinoma, Planocellular,Carcinoma, Squamous,Squamous Cell Carcinoma,Carcinomas, Epidermoid,Carcinomas, Planocellular,Carcinomas, Squamous,Carcinomas, Squamous Cell,Epidermoid Carcinoma,Epidermoid Carcinomas,Planocellular Carcinoma,Planocellular Carcinomas,Squamous Carcinoma,Squamous Carcinomas,Squamous Cell Carcinomas
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000074322	Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological	Antineoplastic agents containing immunological agents (e.g. MAbs). These pharmacologic preparations inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.	Antineoplastic MAbs,Antineoplastics, Monoclonal Antibodies,Antineoplastics, Monoclonal Antibody,MAbs, Antineoplastic,Monoclonal Antibodies, Antineoplastic,Antibodies Antineoplastics, Monoclonal,Antineoplastic Monoclonal Antibodies,Immunological Antineoplastic Agents,Monoclonal Antibodies Antineoplastics,Monoclonal Antibody Antineoplastics
D012878	Skin Neoplasms	Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	Cancer of Skin,Skin Cancer,Cancer of the Skin,Neoplasms, Skin,Cancer, Skin,Cancers, Skin,Neoplasm, Skin,Skin Cancers,Skin Neoplasm
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D016896	Treatment Outcome	Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.	Rehabilitation Outcome,Treatment Effectiveness,Clinical Effectiveness,Clinical Efficacy,Patient-Relevant Outcome,Treatment Efficacy,Effectiveness, Clinical,Effectiveness, Treatment,Efficacy, Clinical,Efficacy, Treatment,Outcome, Patient-Relevant,Outcome, Rehabilitation,Outcome, Treatment,Outcomes, Patient-Relevant,Patient Relevant Outcome,Patient-Relevant Outcomes
D017321	Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic	Works about studies performed to evaluate the safety of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques in healthy subjects and to determine the safe dosage range (if appropriate). These tests also are used to determine pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties (toxicity, metabolism, absorption, elimination, and preferred route of administration). They involve a small number of persons and usually last about 1 year. This concept includes phase I studies conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.	Clinical Trials, Phase I,Drug Evaluation, FDA Phase I,Evaluation Studies, FDA Phase I,Human Microdosing Trial,Phase 1 Clinical Trial,Phase I Clinical Trial,Phase I Clinical Trials,Clinical Trials, Phase 1,Drug Evaluation, FDA Phase 1,Drug Evaluation, FDA Phase I as Topic,Evaluation Studies, FDA Phase 1,Human Microdosing Trials,Microdosing Trials, Human,Phase 1 Clinical Trials,Microdosing Trial, Human,Trial, Human Microdosing,Trials, Human Microdosing
D017322	Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic	Works about studies that are usually controlled to assess the effectiveness and dosage (if appropriate) of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques. These studies are performed on several hundred volunteers, including a limited number of patients with the target disease or disorder, and last about two years. This concept includes phase II studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.	Drug Evaluation, FDA Phase 2 as Topic,Drug Evaluation, FDA Phase II as Topic,Evaluation Studies, FDA Phase 2 as Topic,Evaluation Studies, FDA Phase II as Topic
D060890	B7-H1 Antigen	An inhibitory B7 antigen that contains V-type and C2 type immunoglobulin domains. It has specificity for the T-CELL receptor PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 1 PROTEIN and provides negative signals that control and inhibit T-cell responses. It is found at higher than normal levels on tumor cells, suggesting its potential role in TUMOR IMMUNE EVASION.	Antigens, CD274,PD-L1 Protein,Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 Protein,Programmed Death Ligand 1,B7-H1 Immune Costimulatory Protein,B7H1 Immune Costimulatory Protein,CD274 Antigen,PD-L1 Costimulatory Protein,Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1,Antigen, B7-H1,Antigen, CD274,B7 H1 Antigen,B7 H1 Immune Costimulatory Protein,CD274 Antigens,Costimulatory Protein, PD-L1,PD L1 Costimulatory Protein,PD L1 Protein
D061026	Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor	An inhibitory T-lymphocyte receptor that has specificity for CD274 ANTIGEN and PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 1 LIGAND 2 PROTEIN. Signaling by the receptor limits T cell proliferation and INTERFERON GAMMA synthesis. The receptor also may play an essential role in the regulatory pathway that induces PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.	PD-1 Protein,Programmed Cell Death 1 Protein,Programmed Cell Death Protein 1,Antigens, CD279,CD279 Antigen,PD-1 Receptor,PD1 Receptor,Antigen, CD279,CD279 Antigens,PD 1 Protein,PD 1 Receptor,Receptor, PD-1,Receptor, PD1

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