75Se-Homocholic acid taurine scintigraphy (75SeHCAT®), a standard benchmark test in bile acid malabsorption? 2019

A Baena García, and F Partida Palma, and S García Martínez, and M de Bonilla Candau, and M Pajares Vinardell
Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España. Electronic address: alvaronuclear16@gmail.com.

Chronic diarrhoea due to bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is an underdiagnosed pathology. Different diagnostic tools are available. However, there is currently no consensus on which of these would be the benchmark test or gold standard. This review evaluates the possibility of using 75Se-taurocholic acid (75SeHCAT®) scintigraphy as a benchmark diagnostic test and its perspective for the future. A literature review was conducted in Pubmed and OVID obtaining a total of 57 papers, 26 of which were finally used after being selected under the concepts of gold standard, diagnostic accuracy and other biomarkers. We evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of the different diagnostic tools: 14C-glycocholate, measurement of bile acids in faeces, C4 in serum, FGF19 in serum, cholestyramine, and 75Se-tauroselcolic acid scintigraphy. We consider that the 75SeHCAT® scan is the most recommended diagnostic test in Europe for diagnosing BAM as it presents the highest values of sensitivity and specificity. It has a significant cost-benefit ratio, making it the test with the highest degree of recommendation. However, it is still not possible to use it in a recognised way as a gold standard due to the lack of studies that provide conclusive data that allow consensus. In the meantime, the combined use of cholestyramine testing in all patients we want to evaluate, regardless of the scintigraphy result, could be encouraged as a benchmark standard.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011877 Radionuclide Imaging The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph. Gamma Camera Imaging,Radioisotope Scanning,Scanning, Radioisotope,Scintigraphy,Scintiphotography,Imaging, Gamma Camera,Imaging, Radionuclide
D003967 Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. Diarrheas
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000465 Algorithms A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. Algorithm
D001647 Bile Acids and Salts Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones. Bile Acid,Bile Salt,Bile Salts,Bile Acids,Acid, Bile,Acids, Bile,Salt, Bile,Salts, Bile
D013656 Taurocholic Acid The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic. Cholyltaurine,Taurine Cholate,Taurocholate,Sodium Taurocholate,Taurocholate Sodium,Taurocholic Acid, (5 alpha)-Isomer,Taurocholic Acid, (7 beta)-Isomer,Taurocholic Acid, Monolithium Salt,Taurocholic Acid, Monosodium Salt,Taurocholate, Sodium
D045602 Steatorrhea A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.
D019985 Benchmarking Method of measuring performance against established standards of best practice. Benchmarking, Health Care,Benchmarks,Best Practice Analysis,Metrics,Benchmark,Benchmarking, Healthcare,Analysis, Best Practice,Health Care Benchmarking,Healthcare Benchmarking

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