Biomaterial Database

Neuroimaging in Functional Movement Disorders. 2019

Jacob J Roelofs, and Tiago Teodoro, and Mark J Edwards

Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.

Functional movement disorders are common and disabling causes of abnormal movement control. Here, we review the current state of the evidence on the use of neuroimaging in Functional movement disorders, particularly its role in helping to unravel the pathophysiology of this enigmatic condition. In recent years, there has been a shift in thinking about functional movement disorder, away from a focus on high-level psychological precipitants as in Freudian conversion theories, or even an implicit belief they are 'put-on' for secondary gain. New research has emphasised novel neurobiological models incorporating emotional processing, self-representation and agency. Neuroimaging has provided new insights into functional movement disorders, supporting emerging neurobiological theories implicating dysfunctional emotional processing, self-image and sense of agency. Recent studies have also found subtle structural brain changes in patients with functional disorders, arguing against a strict functional/structural dichotomy.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009069	Movement Disorders	Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	Dyskinesia Syndromes,Etat Marbre,Status Marmoratus,Movement Disorder Syndromes,Dyskinesia Syndrome,Movement Disorder,Movement Disorder Syndrome
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D059906	Neuroimaging	Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.	Brain Imaging,Imaging, Brain
D020820	Dyskinesias	Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underlying disease process. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). Dyskinesias are also a relatively common manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	Asterixis,Ballismus,Hemiballismus,Involuntary Movements,Lingual-Facial-Buccal Dyskinesia,Orofacial Dyskinesia,Abnormal Movements,Hemiballism,Linguofacial Dyskinesia,Oral Dyskinesia,Oral-Facial Dyskinesia,Tardive Oral Dyskinesia,Abnormal Movement,Dyskinesia,Dyskinesia, Lingual-Facial-Buccal,Dyskinesia, Linguofacial,Dyskinesia, Oral,Dyskinesia, Oral-Facial,Dyskinesia, Orofacial,Dyskinesias, Lingual-Facial-Buccal,Dyskinesias, Linguofacial,Dyskinesias, Oral,Dyskinesias, Oral-Facial,Dyskinesias, Orofacial,Involuntary Movement,Lingual Facial Buccal Dyskinesia,Lingual-Facial-Buccal Dyskinesias,Linguofacial Dyskinesias,Movement, Abnormal,Movement, Involuntary,Movements, Abnormal,Movements, Involuntary,Oral Dyskinesias,Oral Facial Dyskinesia,Oral-Facial Dyskinesias,Orofacial Dyskinesias,Tardive Oral Dyskinesias