Biomaterial Database

Microbial contaminants and antimicrobial properties of human milk. 1988

J T May

Microbiology Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.

A review and listing of antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasite factors in human breast milk is presented. Also reviewed are the microbial contaminants such as cytomegalovirus and rubella virus, which have recently been shown to infect infants via breast milk, without adverse effects. The retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 have been detected in human milk, with the latter virus probably being transmitted through the milk. These virus contaminants can be destroyed by pasteurization of the human milk.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007112	Immunity, Maternally-Acquired	Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.	Fetal Immunity, Maternally-Acquired,Maternally-Acquired Immunity,Neonatal Immunity, Maternally-Acquired,Immunity, Maternally Acquired,Fetal Immunities, Maternally-Acquired,Fetal Immunity, Maternally Acquired,Immunity, Maternally-Acquired Fetal,Immunity, Maternally-Acquired Neonatal,Maternally Acquired Immunities,Maternally Acquired Immunity,Maternally-Acquired Fetal Immunities,Maternally-Acquired Fetal Immunity,Maternally-Acquired Immunities,Maternally-Acquired Neonatal Immunities,Maternally-Acquired Neonatal Immunity,Neonatal Immunities, Maternally-Acquired,Neonatal Immunity, Maternally Acquired
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D008895	Milk, Human	Milk that is produced by HUMAN MAMMARY GLANDS.	Breast Milk,Human Milk,Milk, Breast
D010272	Parasitic Diseases	Infections or infestations with PARASITES. They are often contracted through contact with an intermediate vector, but may occur as the result of direct exposure.	Parasite Infections,Parasitic Infections,Disease, Parasitic,Diseases, Parasitic,Infection, Parasite,Infection, Parasitic,Infections, Parasite,Infections, Parasitic,Parasite Infection,Parasitic Disease,Parasitic Infection
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D001942	Breast Feeding	The nursing of an infant at the breast.	Breast Fed,Breastfed,Milk Sharing,Wet Nursing,Breast Feeding, Exclusive,Breastfeeding,Breastfeeding, Exclusive,Exclusive Breast Feeding,Exclusive Breastfeeding,Sharing, Milk
D005260	Female		Females
D006376	Helminths	Commonly known as parasitic worms, this group includes the ACANTHOCEPHALA; NEMATODA; and PLATYHELMINTHS. Some authors consider certain species of LEECHES that can become temporarily parasitic as helminths.	Aschelminthes,Gordius,Nematomorpha,Parasitic Worms,Worms, Parasitic,Aschelminthe,Helminth,Nematomorphas,Parasitic Worm,Worm, Parasitic
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000163	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	AIDS,Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Immunologic Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome,Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes,Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome, Acquired,Immuno-Deficiency Syndromes, Acquired,Immunodeficiency Syndromes, Acquired,Syndrome, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency,Syndrome, Acquired Immunodeficiency,Syndromes, Acquired Immuno-Deficiency,Syndromes, Acquired Immunodeficiency