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Tumor promoters were tested for the ability to induce cytocidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and the extracellular calcium-dependency of their PMN cytotoxicities were examined in comparison with that by some immunomodulators. Immunomodulators such as linear beta-1, 3-D-glucan (TAK) induced potent cytocidal activity of PMNs. The induction was dependent on extracellular Ca2+. Tumor promoters such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and its derivatives, teleocidin which is structurally unrelated to PMA, and croton oil as an example of mixture also induced potent PMN cytotoxicities. In the latter cases, however, the induction was not dependent on extracellular Ca2+. The ability of these tumor promoters to induce PMN cytotoxicity correlated well with their skin-tumor promoting activities. These results indicate that inductions by PMA-like tumor promoters are distinguishable from those by TAK-like immunomodulators in not being Ca2+-dependent. The application of Ca2+-independent PMN cytotoxicity to detect PMA-like tumor promoters is discussed.
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
March 1990,
Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme,
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
December 1978,
Infection and immunity,
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
June 1974,
The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine,
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
April 1974,
The American journal of pathology,
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
June 1981,
FEBS letters,
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
December 1984,
Infection and immunity,
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
August 1993,
Inflammation,
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
January 1986,
Cancer research,
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
April 1976,
Blood,
K Morikawa, and
T Sato, and
H Nakazawa, and
M Fujita
August 1989,
Infection and immunity,
