Biomaterial Database

Osmolality of enteral formulas for maternal phenylketonuria. 1986

K Anderson, and P B Acosta, and B Kennedy

Osmolalities of individual products and composite diets used in the treatment of maternal phenylketonuria were measured. Mathematical equations were developed which predict osmolality. Quantitative information on osmolalities of enteral formulas for women with maternal phenylketonuria may help clinicians plan diets to avoid the risk of gastrointestinal disturbances and to increase acceptability.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008431	Maternal-Fetal Exchange	Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.	Transplacental Exposure,Exchange, Maternal-Fetal,Exposure, Transplacental,Maternal Fetal Exchange
D009994	Osmolar Concentration	The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.	Ionic Strength,Osmolality,Osmolarity,Concentration, Osmolar,Concentrations, Osmolar,Ionic Strengths,Osmolalities,Osmolar Concentrations,Osmolarities,Strength, Ionic,Strengths, Ionic
D010661	Phenylketonurias	A group of autosomal recessive disorders marked by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE or less frequently by reduced activity of DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (i.e., atypical phenylketonuria). Classical phenylketonuria is caused by a severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and presents in infancy with developmental delay; SEIZURES; skin HYPOPIGMENTATION; ECZEMA; and demyelination in the central nervous system. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p952).	Biopterin Deficiency,Dihydropteridine Reductase Deficiency Disease,Hyperphenylalaninemia, Non-Phenylketonuric,Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency Disease,BH4 Deficiency,DHPR Deficiency,Deficiency Disease, Dihydropteridine Reductase,Deficiency Disease, Phenylalanine Hydroxylase,Deficiency Disease, Phenylalanine Hydroxylase, Severe,Dihydropteridine Reductase Deficiency,Folling Disease,Folling's Disease,HPABH4C,Hyperphenylalaninaemia,Hyperphenylalaninemia Caused by a Defect in Biopterin Metabolism,Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-Deficient, C,Hyperphenylalaninemia, Tetrahydrobiopterin-Deficient, Due To DHPR Deficiency,Non-Phenylketonuric Hyperphenylalaninemia,Oligophrenia Phenylpyruvica,PAH Deficiency,PKU, Atypical,Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency,Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Deficiency Disease, Severe,Phenylketonuria,Phenylketonuria I,Phenylketonuria II,Phenylketonuria Type 2,Phenylketonuria, Atypical,Phenylketonuria, Classical,QDPR Deficiency,Quinoid Dihydropteridine Reductase Deficiency,Tetrahydrobiopterin Deficiency,Atypical PKU,Atypical Phenylketonuria,Biopterin Deficiencies,Classical Phenylketonuria,Deficiency, BH4,Deficiency, Biopterin,Deficiency, DHPR,Deficiency, Dihydropteridine Reductase,Deficiency, PAH,Deficiency, Phenylalanine Hydroxylase,Deficiency, QDPR,Deficiency, Tetrahydrobiopterin,Disease, Folling,Disease, Folling's,Hyperphenylalaninemia, Non Phenylketonuric,Non Phenylketonuric Hyperphenylalaninemia,Non-Phenylketonuric Hyperphenylalaninemias
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D004750	Enteral Nutrition	Nutritional support given via the alimentary canal or any route connected to the gastrointestinal system (i.e., the enteral route). This includes oral feeding, sip feeding, and tube feeding using nasogastric, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy tubes.	Enteral Feeding,Force Feeding,Nutrition, Enteral,Tube Feeding,Gastric Feeding Tubes,Feeding Tube, Gastric,Feeding Tubes, Gastric,Feeding, Enteral,Feeding, Force,Feeding, Tube,Feedings, Force,Force Feedings,Gastric Feeding Tube,Tube, Gastric Feeding,Tubes, Gastric Feeding
D005260	Female		Females
D005526	Food, Formulated	Food and dietary formulations including elemental (chemically defined formula) diets, synthetic and semisynthetic diets, space diets, weight-reduction formulas, tube-feeding diets, complete liquid diets, and supplemental liquid and solid diets.	Diet, Chemically Defined,Diet, Elemental,Diet, Formula,Diet, Synthetic,Dietary Formulations,Chemically Defined Diet,Synthetic Diet,Chemically Defined Diets,Dietary Formulation,Diets, Chemically Defined,Diets, Elemental,Diets, Formula,Diets, Synthetic,Elemental Diet,Elemental Diets,Foods, Formulated,Formulated Food,Formulated Foods,Formulation, Dietary,Formulations, Dietary
D005638	Fruit	The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.	Berries,Legume Pod,Plant Aril,Plant Capsule,Aril, Plant,Arils, Plant,Berry,Capsule, Plant,Capsules, Plant,Fruits,Legume Pods,Plant Arils,Plant Capsules,Pod, Legume,Pods, Legume
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014675	Vegetables	A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.	Vegetable