BACKGROUND The difference in the amount of orthodontic-induced external root resorption (OIERR) of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) compared with vital pulp teeth (VPT) treatment is controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the available evidence regarding OIERR of ETT compared with VPT. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched up to May 2018 to retrieve relevant studies. The studies were evaluated for eligibility criteria, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool (Cochrane Bias Methods Group, Odense, Denmark). Weighted means of OIERR in ETT and VPT were calculated using a fixed effects model, and a random effects model was used to assess the significance of treatment effects. RESULTS Eight studies were identified, from which 7 were included in the meta-analyses. The funnel plot of the random effects model exhibited a symmetrical distribution, which indicates no publication bias of the included studies. Because of the significant heterogeneity between studies, a random effects model was used. Significantly less OIERR for ETT was identified compared with their contralateral VPT. CONCLUSIONS Endodontic treatment does not seem to increase OIERR.