Biomaterial Database

Plant immune responses - from guard cells and local responses to systemic defense against bacterial pathogens. 2019

Lisa David, and Alice C Harmon, and Sixue Chen

a Department of Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.

When plants are infected by pathogens two distinct responses can occur, the early being a local response in the infected area, and later a systemic response in non-infected tissues. Closure of stomata has recently been found to be a local response to bacterial pathogens. Stomata closure is linked to both salicylic acid (SA), an essential hormone in local responses and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), and absisic acid (ABA) a key regulator of drought and other abiotic stresses. SAR reduces the effects of later infections. In this review we discuss recent research elucidating the role of guard cells in local and systemic immune responses, guard cell interactions with abiotic and hormone signals, as well as putative functions and interactions between long-distance SAR signals.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007113	Immunity, Innate	The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.	Immunity, Native,Immunity, Natural,Immunity, Non-Specific,Resistance, Natural,Innate Immune Response,Innate Immunity,Immune Response, Innate,Immune Responses, Innate,Immunity, Non Specific,Innate Immune Responses,Native Immunity,Natural Immunity,Natural Resistance,Non-Specific Immunity
D010935	Plant Diseases	Diseases of plants.	Disease, Plant,Diseases, Plant,Plant Disease
D015398	Signal Transduction	The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.	Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D054046	Plant Stomata	Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.	Stomata, Plant,Plant Stomatas,Stomatas, Plant
D057865	Plant Immunity	The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens.	Plant Immune Response,Plant Immune System,Immune Response, Plant,Immune Responses, Plant,Immune System, Plant,Immune Systems, Plant,Immunities, Plant,Immunity, Plant,Plant Immune Responses,Plant Immune Systems,Plant Immunities,Response, Plant Immune,Responses, Plant Immune,System, Plant Immune,Systems, Plant Immune
D018506	Gene Expression Regulation, Plant	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.	Plant Gene Expression Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression, Plant,Regulation, Gene Expression, Plant
D020156	Salicylic Acid	A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.	2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid,o-Hydroxybenzoic Acid,ortho-Hydroxybenzoic Acid,2 Hydroxybenzoic Acid,Acid, 2-Hydroxybenzoic,Acid, Salicylic,Acid, o-Hydroxybenzoic,Acid, ortho-Hydroxybenzoic,o Hydroxybenzoic Acid,ortho Hydroxybenzoic Acid