Benzodiazepine cross-tolerance in mice extends to sodium valproate. 1986

J P Gent, and M Bentley, and M Feely, and J R Haigh

Slow intravenous infusion of pentylenetetrazol was used to measure the convulsive threshold in mice. The anticonvulsant effects of clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, sodium phenobarbitone and sodium valproate were assessed in naive animals and compared with the effects of the same compounds in animals which had been pretreated (twice daily for 3 days) with one of the benzodiazepines or sodium valproate. Cross-tolerance was observed between all the benzodiazepines but not between benzodiazepines and sodium phenobarbitone. Animals pretreated with the benzodiazepines were cross-tolerant to valproate, but the converse was not true; nor did sodium valproate induce tolerance to itself.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008140 Lorazepam A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent. Apo-Lorazepam,Ativan,Donix,Duralozam,Durazolam,Idalprem,Laubeel,Lorazep Von Ct,Lorazepam Medical,Lorazepam-Neuraxpharm,Lorazepam-Ratiopharm,Novo-Lorazem,Nu-Loraz,Orfidal Wyeth,Sedicepan,Sinestron,Somagerol,Temesta,Tolid,Témesta,WY-4036,Apo Lorazepam,Lorazepam Neuraxpharm,Lorazepam Ratiopharm,Medical, Lorazepam,Novo Lorazem,Nu Loraz,Von Ct, Lorazep,WY 4036,WY4036,Wyeth, Orfidal
D008297 Male Males
D010433 Pentylenetetrazole A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility. Leptazole,Pentamethylenetetrazole,Pentetrazole,Cardiazol,Corasol,Corazol,Corazole,Korazol,Korazole,Metrazol,Metrazole,Pentazol,Pentylenetetrazol
D010634 Phenobarbital A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. Phenemal,Phenobarbitone,Phenylbarbital,Gardenal,Hysteps,Luminal,Phenobarbital Sodium,Phenobarbital, Monosodium Salt,Phenylethylbarbituric Acid,Acid, Phenylethylbarbituric,Monosodium Salt Phenobarbital,Sodium, Phenobarbital
D002998 Clonazepam An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses. 2H-1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one, 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-7-nitro-,Klonopin,Antelepsin,Rivotril,Ro 5-4023,Ro 54023
D003975 Diazepam A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity. 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one,Apaurin,Diazemuls,Faustan,Relanium,Seduxen,Sibazon,Stesolid,Valium
D004361 Drug Tolerance Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL. Drug Tolerances,Tolerance, Drug,Tolerances, Drug
D000078306 Clobazam A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY. 1-Phenyl-5-methyl-8-chloro-1,2,4,5- tetrahydro-2,4-diketo-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine,Frisium,HR 376,LM-2717,Onfi,Urbanyl,LM 2717,LM2717
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000927 Anticonvulsants Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity. Anticonvulsant,Anticonvulsant Drug,Anticonvulsive Agent,Anticonvulsive Drug,Antiepileptic,Antiepileptic Agent,Antiepileptic Agents,Antiepileptic Drug,Anticonvulsant Drugs,Anticonvulsive Agents,Anticonvulsive Drugs,Antiepileptic Drugs,Antiepileptics,Agent, Anticonvulsive,Agent, Antiepileptic,Agents, Anticonvulsive,Agents, Antiepileptic,Drug, Anticonvulsant,Drug, Anticonvulsive,Drug, Antiepileptic,Drugs, Anticonvulsant,Drugs, Anticonvulsive,Drugs, Antiepileptic

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