Scalene Waveform for Codetection of Guanosine and Adenosine Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. 2019

Michael T Cryan, and Ashley E Ross
Department of Chemistry , University of Cincinnati , 312 College Drive, 404 Crosley Tower , Cincinnati , Ohio 45221-0172 , United States.

Guanosine and adenosine are important neuromodulators in the brain and work in cooperation to mitigate the effects of stroke, traumatic injury, and other neurological events. Both purines can act on slow (minutes to hours) and rapid (milliseconds to seconds) time scales. A guanosine-adenosine interaction has been proposed in which guanosine modulates adenosine levels, and the two work together to control glutamate neurotransmission. Traditional methods to codetect purines, such as HPLC with microdialysis, are robust but lack the temporal resolution necessary to quantify release in real time. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) has been used to detect guanosine and adenosine independently, but codetection has not been possible. Here, we developed a novel "scalene waveform" to codetect guanosine and adenosine with nanomolar limits of detection in real time with FSCV. The scalene waveform uses a slow rate (100 V/s) on the forward scan and the conventional rate (400 V/s) on the back scan; potentials go from -0.4 to 1.45 V and back to -0.4 V. The scan rates were optimized to increase the separation of the oxidative peaks for guanosine and adenosine. The temporal separation of the primary peaks was increased (4.6 ± 0.1)-fold at the scalene waveform compared to the traditional waveform. Both exogenously applied guanosine and adenosine and endogenous transient release were detected at the scalene waveform in rat-brain slices. We show the first method for codetecting guanosine and adenosine using FSCV, which can be used to study the guanosine-adenosine interaction and better understand their cooperative therapeutic effects.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008839 Microelectrodes Electrodes with an extremely small tip, used in a voltage clamp or other apparatus to stimulate or record bioelectric potentials of single cells intracellularly or extracellularly. (Dorland, 28th ed) Electrodes, Miniaturized,Electrode, Miniaturized,Microelectrode,Miniaturized Electrode,Miniaturized Electrodes
D011199 Potentiometry Solution titration in which the end point is read from the electrode-potential variations with the concentrations of potential determining ions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
D001921 Brain The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM. Encephalon
D006151 Guanosine A purine nucleoside that has guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play important roles in metabolism. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
D000241 Adenosine A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. Adenocard,Adenoscan
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017207 Rats, Sprague-Dawley A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company. Holtzman Rat,Rats, Holtzman,Sprague-Dawley Rat,Rats, Sprague Dawley,Holtzman Rats,Rat, Holtzman,Rat, Sprague-Dawley,Sprague Dawley Rat,Sprague Dawley Rats,Sprague-Dawley Rats
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus

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