The Hamburg pathologist Paul Kimmelstiel (1900-1970) gave his name to diabetic glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome) and thus conquered a place in the history of medicine. Far less known, however, is the fact that Kimmelstiel was one of the Jewish victims of the Third Reich. He was dismissed in 1933, saw himself forced to emigrate in 1934, and fought for "rehabilitation" ("Wiedergutmachung") after 1945.The present article focuses on Kimmelstiel's role as a politically persecuted and disenfranchised Jew.It examines (1) the background to his dismissal and forced emigration, (2) the question of "compensation" for his deprivation in postwar Germany, but also (3) the interactions between this racially motivated exclusion and biographical uprooting on one hand and the subsequent, highly remarkable international career development on the other.The study is based on previously unknown archival sources and on a reanalysis of the relevant research literature.This paper concludes that Kimmelstiel's emigration took place under traumatic circumstances. More astonishing is the fact that he quickly developed into a highly respected and famous exile scientist. However, the political and professional treatment of Kimmelstiel in post-war Germany was much less favorable. His efforts for rehabilitation were only partially successful, taking a long time and requiring considerable efforts. Only laying a Stolperstein monument in front of the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf in 2014 marked a provisional, conciliatory conclusion in dealing with the victim Paul Kimmelstiel.