Biomaterial Database

[Roles of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling and Autophagy Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease]. 2019

Yan Fang Chang, and Wei Min Hu

Department of Neurology,the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China.

The mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates protein synthesis and degradation,cytoskeletal formation,and cell longevity.Autophagy,a catabolic process necessary for the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis,is essential for cell survival,whereas mTOR is the crucial regulator of autophagy.Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common cause of progressive dementia in the elderly.It has been shown that disorders of mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways are closely related to AD.In the present review,we describe the regulatory roles of mTOR signaling and autophagy pathway in AD brain and introduce drugs for AD acting via modulation of autophagy and mTOR.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000544	Alzheimer Disease	A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	Acute Confusional Senile Dementia,Alzheimer's Diseases,Dementia, Alzheimer Type,Dementia, Senile,Presenile Alzheimer Dementia,Senile Dementia, Alzheimer Type,Alzheimer Dementia,Alzheimer Disease, Early Onset,Alzheimer Disease, Late Onset,Alzheimer Sclerosis,Alzheimer Syndrome,Alzheimer Type Senile Dementia,Alzheimer's Disease,Alzheimer's Disease, Focal Onset,Alzheimer-Type Dementia (ATD),Dementia, Presenile,Dementia, Primary Senile Degenerative,Early Onset Alzheimer Disease,Familial Alzheimer Disease (FAD),Focal Onset Alzheimer's Disease,Late Onset Alzheimer Disease,Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia,Senile Dementia, Acute Confusional,Alzheimer Dementias,Alzheimer Disease, Familial (FAD),Alzheimer Diseases,Alzheimer Type Dementia,Alzheimer Type Dementia (ATD),Alzheimers Diseases,Dementia, Alzheimer,Dementia, Alzheimer-Type (ATD),Familial Alzheimer Diseases (FAD),Presenile Dementia,Sclerosis, Alzheimer,Senile Dementia
D001343	Autophagy	The segregation and degradation of various cytoplasmic constituents via engulfment by MULTIVESICULAR BODIES; VACUOLES; or AUTOPHAGOSOMES and their digestion by LYSOSOMES. It plays an important role in BIOLOGICAL METAMORPHOSIS and in the removal of bone by OSTEOCLASTS. Defective autophagy is associated with various diseases, including NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES and cancer.	Autophagocytosis,ER-Phagy,Lipophagy,Nucleophagy,Reticulophagy,Ribophagy,Autophagy, Cellular,Cellular Autophagy,ER Phagy
D015398	Signal Transduction	The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.	Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D058570	TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases	A serine threonine kinase that controls a wide range of growth-related cellular processes. The protein is referred to as the target of RAPAMYCIN due to the discovery that SIROLIMUS (commonly known as rapamycin) forms an inhibitory complex with TACROLIMUS BINDING PROTEIN 1A that blocks the action of its enzymatic activity.	TOR Kinase,TOR Kinases,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinase,Target of Rapamycin Protein,mTOR Serine-Threonine Kinase,mTOR Serine-Threonine Kinases,FK506 Binding Protein 12-Rapamycin Associated Protein 1,FKBP12-Rapamycin Associated Protein,FKBP12-Rapamycin Complex-Associated Protein,Mammalian Target of Rapamycin,Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Protein,RAFT-1 Protein,Rapamycin Target Protein,Target of Rapamycin Proteins,mTOR Protein,FK506 Binding Protein 12 Rapamycin Associated Protein 1,FKBP12 Rapamycin Associated Protein,FKBP12 Rapamycin Complex Associated Protein,Kinase, TOR,Kinase, TOR Serine-Threonine,Kinase, mTOR Serine-Threonine,Kinases, TOR Serine-Threonine,Kinases, mTOR Serine-Threonine,Protein Target, Rapamycin,Protein, RAFT-1,Protein, mTOR,RAFT 1 Protein,Rapamycin Protein Target,Serine-Threonine Kinase, TOR,Serine-Threonine Kinase, mTOR,Serine-Threonine Kinases, TOR,Serine-Threonine Kinases, mTOR,TOR Serine Threonine Kinase,TOR Serine Threonine Kinases,mTOR Serine Threonine Kinase,mTOR Serine Threonine Kinases