Small Saphenous Vein and Arm Vein as Bypass Grafts for Upper Extremity Ischemia. 2019

Patrick Nierlich, and Florian K Enzmann, and Werner Dabernig, and Julio Ellacuriaga San Martin, and Fatema Akhavan, and Klaus Linni, and Thomas Hölzenbein
Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. Electronic address: p.nierlich@salk.at.

BACKGROUND Bypass in the upper extremity is a rare procedure mainly performed for chronic ischemia, trauma, or hemodialysis access complications. Feasibility and success of use of the arm vein and small saphenous vein (SSV) for autologous vein bypass have been reported in peripheral artery bypass procedures. There are very few reports on the use of alternative veins in upper extremity bypass. We report our experience with arm vein and SSV as a graft source in upper extremity arterial disease. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a consecutively collected case series in an academic tertiary referral center from January 2010 to February 2018. Study end points were primary patency, secondary patency, limb salvage, and survival. RESULTS In total, 47 patients were treated with upper extremity bypass either using the SSV (n = 17) or arm veins (n = 30). Indications were either acute (n = 12) or chronic ischemia (n = 35) caused by acute (n = 8) and chronic (n = 9) trauma, sequela of iatrogenic interventions (n = 4), peripheral artery disease (n = 14), thrombangiitis obliterans (n = 3), and dialysis-access-related complications (n = 9). An arm vein was used in 30 and the SSV in 17 patients. Primary patency after 12 months was 87% with the SSV and 75% with an arm vein (P = 0.8) and 63% and 75% after 36 months (P = 0.9). Secondary patency were 100% with an arm vein and 100% with the SSV after 36 months (P = 0.4). One patient had to undergo major amputation and 2 minor amputations. CONCLUSIONS Arm vein revascularization using the primarily arm vein or SSV as a bypass conduit can be performed with reasonable mortality and morbidity rates and provide good results comparable with the greater saphenous vein.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007511 Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. Ischemias
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D005260 Female Females
D006083 Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts. Graft Restenosis, Vascular,Vascular Graft Occlusion,Vascular Graft Restenosis,Graft Restenoses, Vascular,Occlusion, Vascular Graft,Restenosis, Vascular Graft
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D012189 Retrospective Studies Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons. Retrospective Study,Studies, Retrospective,Study, Retrospective
D012307 Risk Factors An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent. Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor

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