Initial contact and toe off event identification for rearfoot and non-rearfoot strike pattern treadmill running at different speeds. 2019

Deborah L King, and Maura McCartney, and Eoghan Trihy
Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, United States. Electronic address: dking@ithaca.edu.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of kinematic based initial contact (IC) and toe-off (TO) identification algorithms for rearfoot and non-rearfoot runners across a broad range of treadmill running speeds. 14 healthy active participants completed six 20-60 s treadmill running trials at 6 speeds: 2.24, 2.68, 3.13, 3.58, 4.02, and 4.48 ms-1. 3D kinematic data were collected for the last 20 s of each trial. Force plates (FP) were used as the gold standard to determine ICFP and TOFP for each step. Three algorithms for finding IC, ICMilner, ICAlvim, ICAlvim-mod, and one algorithm for finding toe off, TOFellin, were chosen for analysis. Root mean square errors (RMSE) and difference scores with 95% confidence intervals were computed for IC, TO and stance time (ST). ICAlvim RMSE ranged from 0.175 to 0.219 s. STAlvim RMSE ranged from 0.168 to 0.216 s. ICAlvim-mod RMSE ranged from 0.105 to 0.131 s. STAlvim-mod RMSE ranged from 0.108 to 0.129 s. ICMilner RMSE ranged 0.012 to 0.015 s. STMilner RMSE ranged 0.019 to 0.024 s. ICMilner accuracy was inversely related to speed. ICMilner corrected with a linear regression equation reduced differences to- 0.006 ± 0.012 s with 86% of foot strikes identified within 20 ms and 58% with 10 ms. TOFellin RMSE ranged from 0.012 to 0.016 s. ICMilner adjusted for speed and TOFellin can be used to predict IC and TO within a broad range of treadmill running speeds (2.24-4.48 ms-1) and for rearfoot and non-rearfoot strikers.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D005260 Female Females
D005528 Foot The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones. Feet
D005684 Gait Manner or style of walking. Gaits
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000465 Algorithms A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. Algorithm
D001696 Biomechanical Phenomena The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces. Biomechanics,Kinematics,Biomechanic Phenomena,Mechanobiological Phenomena,Biomechanic,Biomechanic Phenomenas,Phenomena, Biomechanic,Phenomena, Biomechanical,Phenomena, Mechanobiological,Phenomenas, Biomechanic
D012420 Running An activity in which the body is propelled by moving the legs rapidly. Running is performed at a moderate to rapid pace and should be differentiated from JOGGING, which is performed at a much slower pace. Runnings

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