Biomaterial Database

[Physiology and pathology of the epiphyseal cartilage (author's transl)]. 1979

H Cotta, and K Rauterberg

Knowledge of the physiology of the epiphyseal cartilage, respectively epiphyseal plate, is essential for an understanding of defective growth and abnormal modeling of the long bones. The epiphyseal cartilage develops from the embryonal, cartilaginous long bone structure. The histology of the epiphyseal cartilage is characterised by definable zones representing the individual differentiation steps from the reformation of cartilage to chondrolysis. Modeling of the ends of the long bones is also influenced by a transversal and longitudinal direction of growth in the epiphyseal cartilage. The intercellular substance mainly contains collagin, proteoglycanes and non-collagenic proteins. These macromolecules are compounded by means of physicochemical bonds and are responsible for the special mechanical qualities of the hyaline cartilage. The process of mineralisation at the base of the epiphyseal cartilage is an essential differentiating step for the ossification processes which take place in the metaphysis. Two pathogenetic principles at the epiphyseal cartilage appear to be important for the defective growth of the long bones. On the one hand, the flowing equilibrium between the differentiation steps of cartilage reformation, transformation of the hyaline cartilage into a mineralised cartilaginous tissue and chondrolysis is changed, whereas on the other hand the turnover of these differentiation steps is retarded or accelerated.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010012	Osteogenesis	The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.	Bone Formation,Ossification, Physiologic,Endochondral Ossification,Ossification,Ossification, Physiological,Osteoclastogenesis,Physiologic Ossification,Endochondral Ossifications,Ossification, Endochondral,Ossifications,Ossifications, Endochondral,Osteoclastogeneses,Physiological Ossification
D001846	Bone Development	The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.	Bone Growth
D001847	Bone Diseases	Diseases of BONES.	Bone Disease,Disease, Bone,Diseases, Bone
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002356	Cartilage	A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.	Cartilages
D002806	Chondrodysplasia Punctata	A heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias, the common character of which is stippling of the epiphyses in infancy. The group includes a severe autosomal recessive form (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC), an autosomal dominant form (Conradi-Hunermann syndrome), and a milder X-linked form. Metabolic defects associated with impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form.	Chondrodystrophia Calcificans Congenita,Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome,Dysplasia Epiphysialis Punctata,Epiphyses, Stippled,Stippled Epiphyses,Chondrodysplasia Punctata 2, X-Linked,Chondrodysplasia Punctata 2, X-Linked Dominant,Conradi Hunermann Happle Syndrome,Conradi-Hunermann-Happle Syndrome,Conradi-Hünermann Syndrome,Conradi-Hünermann-Happle Syndrome,Happle Syndrome,Hunermann-Conradi Syndrome,X-Linked Chondrodysplasia Punctata 2,X-Linked Dominant Chondrodysplasia Punctata,Chondrodysplasia Punctata 2, X Linked,Chondrodysplasia Punctata 2, X Linked Dominant,Conradi Hunermann Syndrome,Conradi Hünermann Happle Syndrome,Conradi Hünermann Syndrome,Conradi-Hunermann-Happle Syndromes,Conradi-Hünermann Syndromes,Conradi-Hünermann-Happle Syndromes,Hunermann Conradi Syndrome,X Linked Chondrodysplasia Punctata 2,X Linked Dominant Chondrodysplasia Punctata
D003094	Collagen	A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).	Avicon,Avitene,Collagen Felt,Collagen Fleece,Collagenfleece,Collastat,Dermodress,Microfibril Collagen Hemostat,Pangen,Zyderm,alpha-Collagen,Collagen Hemostat, Microfibril,alpha Collagen
D004838	Epiphyses	The head of a long bone that is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united.	Epiphysis
D004839	Epiphyses, Slipped	A complete or partial separation of the EPIPHYSES from the DIAPHYSES.	Epiphysiolysis,Epiphysiolyses,Slipped Epiphyses
D005097	Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary	Hereditary disorder transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene and characterized by multiple exostoses (multiple osteochondromas) near the ends of long bones. The genetic abnormality results in a defect in the osteoclastic activity at the metaphyseal ends of the bone during the remodeling process in childhood or early adolescence. The metaphyses develop benign, bony outgrowths often capped by cartilage. A small number undergo neoplastic transformation.	Chondrodysplasia, Hereditary Deforming,Diaphyseal Aclasis,Exostoses, Familial,Exostoses, Hereditary Multiple,Exostoses, Multiple,Exostoses, Multiple Cartilaginous,Hereditary Multiple Exostoses,Osteochondromas, Multiple,Bessel-Hagen Disease,Exostoses, Multiple, Type I,Exostosis, Familial,Exostosis, Hereditary Multiple,Exostosis, Multiple,Exostosis, Multiple Cartilaginous,Familial Exostoses,Hereditary Multiple Exostosis,Multiple Cartilaginous Exostoses,Multiple Hereditary Exostoses,Multiple Osteochondromas,Multiple Osteochondromatosis,Aclases, Diaphyseal,Aclasis, Diaphyseal,Cartilaginous Exostoses, Multiple,Cartilaginous Exostosis, Multiple,Chondrodysplasias, Hereditary Deforming,Deforming Chondrodysplasia, Hereditary,Deforming Chondrodysplasias, Hereditary,Diaphyseal Aclases,Familial Exostosis,Hereditary Deforming Chondrodysplasia,Hereditary Deforming Chondrodysplasias,Hereditary Exostoses, Multiple,Multiple Cartilaginous Exostosis,Multiple Exostoses,Multiple Exostoses, Hereditary,Multiple Exostosis,Multiple Exostosis, Hereditary,Multiple Osteochondroma,Osteochondroma, Multiple