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Estimating chemical developmental hazard in a chicken embryo limb bud micromass system. 1988

R Wiger, and A Støttum, and G Brunborg
Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.

A chicken limb bud micromass system measuring the production of cartilage proteoglycans and the incorporation of radiolabelled thymidine and leucine was used to calculate potential developmental hazard. This hazard index was based upon the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for these parameters and enabled classification of substances according to their intrinsic ability to inhibit differentiation at concentrations which were not cytotoxic. All-trans-retinoic acid, a potent teratogen, inhibited cartilage proteoglycan synthesis at a concentration which was more than 100 times lower than those affecting the incorporation of 14C-thymidine and 14C-leucine. On the other hand, sodium valproate, salicylate and isoniazid inhibited cartilage proteoglycan synthesis only near concentrations which were also cytotoxic. The results from testing with chicken limb bud micromass compared favorably, both with respect to effective concentrations and ratios describing developmental hazard to those from rodent micromass systems.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007538 Isoniazid Antibacterial agent used primarily as a tuberculostatic. It remains the treatment of choice for tuberculosis. Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide,Ftivazide,Isonex,Isonicotinic Acid Vanillylidenehydrazide,Phthivazid,Phthivazide,Tubazide,Acid Vanillylidenehydrazide, Isonicotinic,Hydrazide, Isonicotinic Acid,Vanillylidenehydrazide, Isonicotinic Acid
D011509 Proteoglycans Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content. Proteoglycan,Proteoglycan Type H
D002356 Cartilage A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE. Cartilages
D002478 Cells, Cultured Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D002642 Chick Embryo The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching. Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012459 Salicylates The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Salicylate,Salicylic Acids,Acids, Salicylic
D013723 Teratogens An agent that causes the production of physical defects in the developing embryo. Embryotoxins,Fetotoxins,Teratogen
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014212 Tretinoin An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE). Retinoic Acid,Vitamin A Acid,Retin-A,Tretinoin Potassium Salt,Tretinoin Sodium Salt,Tretinoin Zinc Salt,Vesanoid,all-trans-Retinoic Acid,beta-all-trans-Retinoic Acid,trans-Retinoic Acid,Acid, Retinoic,Acid, Vitamin A,Acid, all-trans-Retinoic,Acid, beta-all-trans-Retinoic,Acid, trans-Retinoic,Potassium Salt, Tretinoin,Retin A,Salt, Tretinoin Potassium,Salt, Tretinoin Sodium,Salt, Tretinoin Zinc,Sodium Salt, Tretinoin,Zinc Salt, Tretinoin,all trans Retinoic Acid,beta all trans Retinoic Acid,trans Retinoic Acid

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