Biomaterial Database

Children's Fear and Pain During Medical Procedures: A Quality Improvement Study With a Humanoid Robot. 2020

Christian E Farrier, and Jacqueline D R Pearson, and Tanya N Beran

Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

BACKGROUND Pediatric patients undergo a variety of painful medical procedures. OBJECTIVE The goal of this quality improvement study was to introduce a humanoid robot (MEDi®) programmed with strategies, such as distraction and deep breathing, at inpatient and outpatient units to determine any preliminary effects on children's pain and fear during medical procedures. METHODS A nonrandomized two-group pre- and posttest design was used to compare pain and fear of children before and after intervention versus standard care. A total of 46 children aged 2-15 years undergoing various medical procedures in a pediatric hospital, and their parents completed the Children's Fear Scale and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised. The former was used both before and after the procedure, while the latter only after the procedure. RESULTS Children (n = 18), who interacted with the robot before and during a procedure, and their parents reported significantly lower levels of fear and pain than did children (n = 28) and their parents in standard care, ps < .05. CONCLUSIONS The use of a humanoid robot programmed with psychological strategies to support coping may enhance children's experiences of care for pain management.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010146	Pain	An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	Suffering, Physical,Ache,Pain, Burning,Pain, Crushing,Pain, Migratory,Pain, Radiating,Pain, Splitting,Aches,Burning Pain,Burning Pains,Crushing Pain,Crushing Pains,Migratory Pain,Migratory Pains,Pains, Burning,Pains, Crushing,Pains, Migratory,Pains, Radiating,Pains, Splitting,Physical Suffering,Physical Sufferings,Radiating Pain,Radiating Pains,Splitting Pain,Splitting Pains,Sufferings, Physical
D010147	Pain Measurement	Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.	Analgesia Tests,Analogue Pain Scale,Formalin Test,McGill Pain Questionnaire,Nociception Tests,Pain Assessment,Pain Intensity,Pain Severity,Tourniquet Pain Test,Visual Analogue Pain Scale,Analog Pain Scale,Assessment, Pain,McGill Pain Scale,Visual Analog Pain Scale,Analgesia Test,Analog Pain Scales,Analogue Pain Scales,Formalin Tests,Intensity, Pain,Measurement, Pain,Nociception Test,Pain Assessments,Pain Intensities,Pain Measurements,Pain Questionnaire, McGill,Pain Scale, Analog,Pain Scale, Analogue,Pain Scale, McGill,Pain Severities,Pain Test, Tourniquet,Questionnaire, McGill Pain,Scale, Analog Pain,Scale, Analogue Pain,Scale, McGill Pain,Severity, Pain,Test, Analgesia,Test, Formalin,Test, Nociception,Test, Tourniquet Pain,Tests, Nociception,Tourniquet Pain Tests
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D005239	Fear	The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.	Threat Cues,Threat Sensitivity,Cue, Threat,Fears,Sensitivity, Threat,Threat Cue,Threat Sensitivities
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012371	Robotics	The application of electronic, computerized control systems to mechanical devices designed to perform human functions. Formerly restricted to industry, but nowadays applied to artificial organs controlled by bionic (bioelectronic) devices, like automated insulin pumps and other prostheses.	Companion Robots,Humanoid Robots,Remote Operations (Robotics),Social Robots,Socially Assistive Robots,Telerobotics,Soft Robotics,Assistive Robot, Socially,Companion Robot,Humanoid Robot,Operation, Remote (Robotics),Operations, Remote (Robotics),Remote Operation (Robotics),Robot, Companion,Robot, Humanoid,Robot, Social,Robot, Socially Assistive,Robotic, Soft,Social Robot,Socially Assistive Robot,Soft Robotic
D058996	Quality Improvement	The attainment or process of attaining a new level of performance or quality.	Improvement, Quality,Improvements, Quality,Quality Improvements