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Identification of cDNA encoding an additional alpha subunit of a human GTP-binding protein: expression of three alpha i subtypes in human tissues and cell lines. 1988

S Y Kim, and S L Ang, and D B Bloch, and K D Bloch, and Y Kawahara, and C Tolman, and R Lee, and J G Seidman, and E J Neer
Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.

The guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which mediate hormonal regulation of many membrane functions, are composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. We have cloned and characterized cDNA from a human T-cell library encoding a form of alpha i that is different from the human alpha i subtypes previously reported [Didsbury, J. R., Ho, Y.-S. & Snyderman, R. (1987) FEBS Lett. 211, 160-164 and Bray, P., Carter, A., Guo, V., Puckett, C., Kamholz, J., Spiegel, A. & Nirenberg, M. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 5115-5119]. alpha i is the alpha subunit of a class of G proteins that inhibits adenylate cyclase and regulates other enzymes and ion channels. This cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 354 amino acids and is assigned to encode the alpha i-3 subtype of G proteins on the basis of its similarity to other alpha i-like cDNAs and the presence of a predicted site for ADP ribosylation by pertussis toxin. We have determined the expression of mRNA for this and two other subtypes of human alpha i (alpha i-1 and alpha i-2) in a variety of human fetal tissues and in human cell lines. All three alpha i subtypes were present in the tissues tested. However, analysis of individual cell types reveals specificity of alpha i-1 expression. mRNA for alpha i-1 is absent in T cells, B cells, and monocytes but is present in other cell lines. The finding of differential expression of alpha i-1 genes may permit characterization of distinct physiological roles for this alpha i subunit. mRNA for alpha i-2 and alpha i-3 was found in all the primary and transformed cell lines tested. Thus, some cells contain all three alpha i subtypes. This observation raises the question of how cells prevent cross talk among receptors that are coupled to effectors through such similar alpha proteins.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008969 Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D002460 Cell Line Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D003001 Cloning, Molecular The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. Molecular Cloning
D004247 DNA A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine). DNA, Double-Stranded,Deoxyribonucleic Acid,ds-DNA,DNA, Double Stranded,Double-Stranded DNA,ds DNA
D005796 Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. Cistron,Gene,Genetic Materials,Cistrons,Genetic Material,Material, Genetic,Materials, Genetic
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000595 Amino Acid Sequence The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D001483 Base Sequence The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence. DNA Sequence,Nucleotide Sequence,RNA Sequence,DNA Sequences,Base Sequences,Nucleotide Sequences,RNA Sequences,Sequence, Base,Sequence, DNA,Sequence, Nucleotide,Sequence, RNA,Sequences, Base,Sequences, DNA,Sequences, Nucleotide,Sequences, RNA
D046911 Macromolecular Substances Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure. Macromolecular Complexes,Macromolecular Compounds,Macromolecular Compounds and Complexes,Complexes, Macromolecular,Compounds, Macromolecular,Substances, Macromolecular
D019204 GTP-Binding Proteins Regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches. They control a wide range of biological processes including: receptor signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and protein synthesis. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-. G-Proteins,GTP-Regulatory Proteins,Guanine Nucleotide Regulatory Proteins,G-Protein,GTP-Binding Protein,GTP-Regulatory Protein,Guanine Nucleotide Coupling Protein,G Protein,G Proteins,GTP Binding Protein,GTP Binding Proteins,GTP Regulatory Protein,GTP Regulatory Proteins,Protein, GTP-Binding,Protein, GTP-Regulatory,Proteins, GTP-Binding,Proteins, GTP-Regulatory

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