Direct muscle neurotization with long acellular nerve allograft: A case report. 2020

Sami H Tuffaha, and Jesse D Meaike, and Steven L Moran
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Nerve repair and nerve transfer are the optimal approaches to restore function to denervated muscle. When the distal-most portion of the nerve entering the muscle is compromised, these are not possible and direct muscle neurotization (DMN) is considered. We describe the first reported case of DMN with acellular nerve allograft. The patient is a 25 year old male who sustained a blast injury to the patient's proximal leg with segmental injury to the deep peroneal nerve resulting in complete foot drop with 0/5 dorsiflexion and toe extension. Given complete obliteration of the distal nerve, we performed direct neurotization of the tibialis anterior muscle with a 7 cm acellular nerve allograft coapted to the proximal stump of the deep peroneal nerve. At 3 years after surgery, the patient regained 5/5 strength with dorsiflexion and toe extension and normal gait. This case supports the use of acellular nerve allografts to restore function to denervated muscle when the distal nerve stump is not available for nerve repair or transfer and there is a desire to avoid the morbidity of autologous nerve graft harvest.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009416 Nerve Regeneration Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue. Nerve Tissue Regeneration,Nervous Tissue Regeneration,Neural Tissue Regeneration,Nerve Tissue Regenerations,Nervous Tissue Regenerations,Neural Tissue Regenerations,Regeneration, Nerve,Regeneration, Nerve Tissue,Regeneration, Nervous Tissue,Regeneration, Neural Tissue,Tissue Regeneration, Nerve,Tissue Regeneration, Nervous,Tissue Regeneration, Neural
D010543 Peroneal Nerve The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot. Fibular Nerve,Fibular Nerves,Nerve, Fibular,Nerve, Peroneal,Nerves, Fibular,Nerves, Peroneal,Peroneal Nerves
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D016067 Nerve Transfer Surgical reinnervation of a denervated peripheral target using a healthy donor nerve and/or its proximal stump. The direct connection is usually made to a healthy postlesional distal portion of a non-functioning nerve or implanted directly into denervated muscle or insensitive skin. Nerve sprouts will grow from the transferred nerve into the denervated elements and establish contact between them and the neurons that formerly controlled another area. Nerve Crossover,Neurotization,Crossover, Nerve,Crossovers, Nerve,Nerve Crossovers,Nerve Transfers,Neurotizations,Transfer, Nerve,Transfers, Nerve
D018482 Muscle, Skeletal A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles. Anterior Tibial Muscle,Gastrocnemius Muscle,Muscle, Voluntary,Plantaris Muscle,Skeletal Muscle,Soleus Muscle,Muscle, Anterior Tibial,Muscle, Gastrocnemius,Muscle, Plantaris,Muscle, Soleus,Muscles, Skeletal,Muscles, Voluntary,Skeletal Muscles,Tibial Muscle, Anterior,Voluntary Muscle,Voluntary Muscles
D020427 Peroneal Neuropathies Disease involving the common PERONEAL NERVE or its branches, the deep and superficial peroneal nerves. Lesions of the deep peroneal nerve are associated with PARALYSIS of dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes and loss of sensation from the web space between the first and second toe. Lesions of the superficial peroneal nerve result in weakness or paralysis of the peroneal muscles (which evert the foot) and loss of sensation over the dorsal and lateral surface of the leg. Traumatic injury to the common peroneal nerve near the head of the FIBULA is a relatively common cause of this condition. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p31) Neuropathy, Common Peroneal,Neuropathy, Deep Peroneal,Neuropathy, Superficial Peroneal,Common Peroneal Nerve Entrapment,External Popliteal Neuropathy,Fibular Nerve Diseases,Fibular Neuropathy,Foot Drop,Lateral Popliteal Neuropathy,Peroneal Mononeuropathies,Peroneal Nerve Diseases,Peroneal Nerve Entrapment,Peroneal Nerve Paralysis,Peroneal Palsy,Common Peroneal Neuropathies,Common Peroneal Neuropathy,Deep Peroneal Neuropathies,Deep Peroneal Neuropathy,Entrapment, Peroneal Nerve,External Popliteal Neuropathies,Fibular Nerve Disease,Fibular Neuropathies,Foot Drops,Lateral Popliteal Neuropathies,Mononeuropathy, Peroneal,Nerve Disease, Fibular,Nerve Entrapment, Peroneal,Nerve Paralysis, Peroneal,Neuropathies, Fibular,Neuropathy, External Popliteal,Neuropathy, Fibular,Neuropathy, Lateral Popliteal,Neuropathy, Peroneal,Palsy, Peroneal,Paralysis, Peroneal Nerve,Peroneal Mononeuropathy,Peroneal Nerve Disease,Peroneal Nerve Entrapments,Peroneal Nerve Paralyses,Peroneal Neuropathy,Peroneal Neuropathy, Deep,Peroneal Neuropathy, Superficial,Peroneal Palsies,Popliteal Neuropathy, External,Popliteal Neuropathy, Lateral,Superficial Peroneal Neuropathies,Superficial Peroneal Neuropathy
D064591 Allografts Tissues, cells, or organs transplanted between genetically different individuals of the same species. Allogeneic Grafts,Allogeneic Transplants,Homografts,Homologous Transplants,Allogeneic Graft,Allogeneic Transplant,Allograft,Graft, Allogeneic,Grafts, Allogeneic,Homograft,Homologous Transplant,Transplant, Allogeneic,Transplant, Homologous,Transplants, Allogeneic,Transplants, Homologous

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