Biomaterial Database

Renal pharmacokinetic changes of gentamicin during enterococcal pyelonephritis. 1988

P Auclair, and C Lessard, and M G Bergeron

Service d'Infectiologie, Le Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.

In the present study, the renal pharmacokinetics of gentamicin was investigated in pyelonephritic rats infected with Streptococcus (Enterococcus) faecalis. Four days after the induction of infection, animals were given either a single dose of gentamicin or two daily injections for 7 days. The treated animals were evaluated from 1 h to 6 months posttreatment. After a single injection, limited pharmacokinetic variations were observed, whereas after 14 injections infected kidneys demonstrated significantly higher concentrations and a more extended renal elimination phase of the antibiotic. Analysis of the area under the curve of the concentration in kidney versus time showed more marked renal accumulation by the infected and long-term treated animals than by normal animals or those receiving only one injection of aminoglycoside. Renal function remained normal in both the infected and normal animals treated with this aminoglycoside. These results demonstrate that S. faecalis pyelonephritis disturbs the renal handling of gentamicin and may increase the susceptibility of the kidney to aminoglycosides.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007668	Kidney	Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.	Kidneys
D011704	Pyelonephritis	Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	Necrotizing Pyelonephritis,Pyelonephritis, Acute Necrotizing,Pyelonephritides
D004334	Drug Administration Schedule	Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.	Administration Schedule, Drug,Administration Schedules, Drug,Drug Administration Schedules,Schedule, Drug Administration,Schedules, Drug Administration
D005260	Female		Females
D005839	Gentamicins	A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	Gentamicin Sulfate (USP),Gentamycin,G-Myticin,Garamycin,Gentacycol,Gentamicin,Gentamicin Sulfate,Gentamycins,Gentavet,Genticin,G Myticin,GMyticin,Sulfate, Gentamicin
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013290	Streptococcal Infections	Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	Group A Strep Infection,Group A Streptococcal Infection,Group A Streptococcal Infections,Group B Strep Infection,Group B Streptococcal Infection,Group B Streptococcal Infections,Infections, Streptococcal,Infection, Streptococcal,Streptococcal Infection
D013293	Enterococcus faecalis	A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.	Streptococcus Group D,Streptococcus faecalis
D051381	Rats	The common name for the genus Rattus.	Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus