Biomaterial Database

Detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in Turkey. 2019

Funda Yilmaz Eker, and Karlo Muratoglu, and Ayşe Gülin Eser

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.

This study examined the presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk, cheese, and cheese halva samples collected from the Çanakkale province of Turkey. Raw milk, Ezine cheese, and cheese halva samples (n 120 for each group, total 360) were collected from bazaars, local manufacturers, and supermarkets in the Çanakkale province of Turkey during 2014 and 2015. ELISA was used to detect AFM1 in these products. AFM1 mean values were 5.14-78.69, 19.43-158.30, and 50.25-213.50 ng/kg in raw milk, Ezine cheese, and cheese halva samples, respectively. The levels of AFM1 in four raw milk samples (3.3%) were above the legal limits, whereas AFM1 levels in Ezine cheese and cheese halva samples were within the legal limits according to the requirements of the Turkish Food Codex and the European Commission. Turkey has a wealth of cultures and local delicacies. Over previous decades, gastronomic tourism in Turkey has become popular owing to an increase in visitor demand, and traditional foods are being exported abroad. Our research investigated the presence of AFM1 in these types of food products. Çanakkale is one of the best representative cities in the Marmara Region in Turkey as a source of these unique products.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008892	Milk	The off-white liquid secreted by the mammary glands of humans and other mammals. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.	Cow Milk,Cow's Milk,Milk, Cow,Milk, Cow's
D002611	Cheese	A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagulates.	Cheeses
D002947	Cities	A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.	Municipalities,Towns
D004797	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay	An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.	ELISA,Assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Immunosorbent Assay, Enzyme-Linked,Immunosorbent Assays, Enzyme-Linked
D005506	Food Contamination	The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.	Food Adulteration,Adulteration, Food,Adulterations, Food,Contamination, Food,Contaminations, Food,Food Adulterations,Food Contaminations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014421	Turkey	Country in Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The capital is Ankara.	Turkiye
D016607	Aflatoxin M1	A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).	Aflatoxin M(1),4-Hydroxyaflatoxin B1,Aflatoxin M,Aflatoxin M1, cis(+-)-Isomer,4 Hydroxyaflatoxin B1