MicroRNA (miRNA) research has intensively developed over the past decade. Characterization of dysregulated miRNA expression profiles could give a better understanding of the development of pathological conditions and clinical disorders, such as autoimmune diseases with polygenic etiology, including idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). IIMs are a group of rare autoimmune disorders characterized by skeletal weakness and inflammation. Polymyositis (PM) is one of the conditions of autoimmune myopathies with proximal skeletal muscle weakness. A novel group of miRNAs, known as myomiRs are described as striated muscle-specific or muscle-enriched miRNAs. They are involved in myoblast proliferation/differentiation as well as muscle regeneration. To determine the role of myomiRs in the development and progression of PM, we performed an initial skeletal muscle miRNA profiling using microarray technique at diagnosis. The aim of the study was to examine myomiRs expression profile in patients with PM in order to remark the association between the dysregulated myomiRs' expression and the development of the disease. As a results of microarray investigation, most of the myomiRs showed altered expression patterns in the muscle samples of PM patients compared to controls. These results suggest that myomiRs, especially miR-1, miR-133a, miR-208b, miR-486, and miR-499 function in a network, and are associated with the development of PM.