To investigate whether the number of removed lymph nodes (RLNs) influences the clinical outcome of stage IB1 cervical cancer on the premise of uniform pelvic lymphadenectomy. Retrospective cohort study. Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Women (n = 782) with stage IB1 cervical cancer. Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and uniform pelvic lymphadenectomy (common iliac, external iliac, internal iliac, obturator) for stage IB1 cervical cancer. The median time of follow-up was 64.7 months (range, 4.3-102.8). Of 782 patients with stage IB1 cervical cancer, the median number of pelvic RLNs was 19 (range, 7-49). Twenty-one patients (2.7%) had RLNs ≤ 10, 461 (59.0%) had 11 to 20, 263 (33.6%) had 21 to 30, and 37 (4.7%) had RLNs ≥ 31. The differences were not statistically significant in the clinicopathologic characteristics between the 4 groups (p >.05). In the multivariate analysis, pelvic RLN number became an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in stage IB1 cervical cancer (p = .029; .015 for CSS and PFS). After the stratified analysis by lymph node metastasis, RLN number remained an independent predictive value (p = .026 for CSS, p = .012 for PFS) in patients with negative pelvic lymph nodes. Moreover, patients with RLN number ≤ 10 carried a 5.550-fold higher risk for progression (p <.001) and 5.596-fold greater likelihood of death (p = .001) than those with RLN number > 10 in case of no lymph node metastasis. With uniform pelvic lymphadenectomy, the total pelvic RLN number could be a valuable predictor of outcome in stage IB1 cervical cancer without lymph node metastasis during a follow-up of at least 5 years.