In Vitro Validation of Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers. 2019

May T Aung-Htut, and Craig S McIntosh, and Kristin A West, and Sue Fletcher, and Steve D Wilton
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.

One of the crucial aspects of screening antisense oligonucleotides destined for therapeutic application is confidence that the antisense oligomer is delivered efficiently into cultured cells. Efficient delivery is particularly vital for antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers, which have a neutral backbone, and are known to show poor gymnotic uptake. Here, we report several methods to deliver these oligomers into cultured cells. Although 4D-Nucleofector™ or Neon™ electroporation systems provide efficient delivery and use lower amounts of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer, both systems are costly. We show that some readily available transfection reagents can be used to deliver phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers as efficiently as the electroporation systems. Among the transfection reagents tested, we recommend Lipofectamine 3000™ for delivering phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers into fibroblasts and Lipofectamine 3000™ or Lipofectamine 2000™ for myoblasts/myotubes. We also provide optimal programs for nucleofection into various cell lines using the P3 Primary Cell 4D-Nucleofector™ X Kit (Lonza), as well as antisense oligomers that redirect expression of ubiquitously expressed genes that may be used as positive treatments for human and murine cell transfections.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008055 Lipids A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Lipid
D002460 Cell Line Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D005347 Fibroblasts Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Fibroblast
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014162 Transfection The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES. Transfections
D016376 Oligonucleotides, Antisense Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize. Anti-Sense Oligonucleotide,Antisense Oligonucleotide,Antisense Oligonucleotides,Anti-Sense Oligonucleotides,Anti Sense Oligonucleotide,Anti Sense Oligonucleotides,Oligonucleotide, Anti-Sense,Oligonucleotide, Antisense,Oligonucleotides, Anti-Sense
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D055532 SMN Complex Proteins A complex of proteins that assemble the SNRNP CORE PROTEINS into a core structure that surrounds a highly conserved RNA sequence found in SMALL NUCLEAR RNA. They are found localized in the GEMINI OF COILED BODIES and in the CYTOPLASM. The SMN complex is named after the Survival of Motor Neuron Complex Protein 1, which is a critical component of the complex. Component of Gems 4 Protein,FAM51A1 Protein,Gem-Associated Proteins,Gemin Proteins,Gemin-2 Protein,Gemin-4 Protein,Gemin-5 Protein,Gemin-6 Protein,Gemin-7 Protein,Gemin-8 Protein,Gemin2 Protein,Gemin4 Protein,Gemin5 Protein,Gemin6 Protein,Gemin7 Protein,Gemin8 Protein,SMN Complex,Survival of Motor Neuron Complex,Survival of Motor Neuron Complex Proteins,Survival of Motor Neuron Protein-Interacting Protein 1,Gem Associated Proteins,Gemin 2 Protein,Gemin 4 Protein,Gemin 5 Protein,Gemin 6 Protein,Gemin 7 Protein,Gemin 8 Protein,Protein, Gemin-7,Protein, Gemin7,Survival of Motor Neuron Protein Interacting Protein 1
D060172 Morpholinos Synthetic analogs of NUCLEIC ACIDS composed of morpholine ring derivatives (MORPHOLINES) linked by phosphorodimidates. One standard DNA nucleic acid base (ADENINE; GUANINE; CYTOSINE; OR THYMINE) is bound to each morpholine ring. Morpholino,Morpholino Oligonucleotide,Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer,MORF Oligomers,Morpholino Oligonucleotides,Morpholino Oligos,PMO Oligomers,Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers,Morpholino Oligomer, Phosphorodiamidate,Morpholino Oligomers, Phosphorodiamidate,Oligomer, Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino,Oligomers, MORF,Oligomers, PMO,Oligomers, Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino,Oligonucleotide, Morpholino,Oligonucleotides, Morpholino,Oligos, Morpholino

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