Biomaterial Database

Effect of treatment with fluosol and mannitol during temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats. 1988

B M Pereira, and P R Weinstein, and R Rodriguez y Baena

Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.

Four groups of seven cats each were subjected to 6 hours of temporary middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion followed by reperfusion. During the first 30 minutes of the occlusion, Group 1 received 20% Fluosol-DA (FDA) and Group 2 received 20% FDA and mannitol; Group 3 received 20% FDA and mannitol 30 minutes before the occlusion, and Group 4 (control) received an infusion of saline solution during the first 30 minutes of occlusion. All cats breathed 100% oxygen throughout the occlusion and during 2 hours of reperfusion. Blood pressure, PaO2, and pH remained stable for 8 hours. PaO2 increased from an average base line level of 102 +/- 15 (SD) torr to 520 +/- 45 torr in Group 1, 450 +/- 41 torr in Group 2, 480 +/- 28 torr in Group 3, and 396 +/- 151 torr in Group 4 during the administration of 100% oxygen. The average fluorocrit during occlusion was 6% in Groups 1, 2, and 3. The 24-hour mortality rate was 71% in Group 1, 43% in Group 2, 29% in Group 3, and 14% in Group 4; a midline shift and herniation were present after each fatal infarct. The survivors were sacrificed 10 days after the occlusion. There was a trend toward improvement of neurological function at sacrifice in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Groups 1 and 4. The infarct areas on coronal sections were 2.4 times larger in Group 1 (FDA only) than in Group 4 (control) (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in infarct size between Group 4 and Group 2 or 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008353	Mannitol	A diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.	(L)-Mannitol,Osmitrol,Osmofundin
D009420	Nervous System	The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)	Nervous Systems,System, Nervous,Systems, Nervous
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D002544	Cerebral Infarction	The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction,Cerebral Infarct,Infarction, Cerebral,Posterior Choroidal Artery Infarction,Subcortical Infarction,Cerebral Infarction, Left Hemisphere,Cerebral Infarction, Right Hemisphere,Cerebral, Left Hemisphere, Infarction,Cerebral, Right Hemisphere, Infarction,Infarction, Cerebral, Left Hemisphere,Infarction, Cerebral, Right Hemisphere,Infarction, Left Hemisphere, Cerebral,Infarction, Right Hemisphere, Cerebral,Left Hemisphere, Cerebral Infarction,Left Hemisphere, Infarction, Cerebral,Right Hemisphere, Cerebral Infarction,Right Hemisphere, Infarction, Cerebral,Cerebral Infarctions,Cerebral Infarcts,Infarct, Cerebral,Infarction, Subcortical,Infarctions, Cerebral,Infarctions, Subcortical,Infarcts, Cerebral,Subcortical Infarctions
D002561	Cerebrovascular Disorders	A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	Brain Vascular Disorders,Intracranial Vascular Disorders,Vascular Diseases, Intracranial,Cerebrovascular Diseases,Cerebrovascular Insufficiency,Cerebrovascular Occlusion,Brain Vascular Disorder,Cerebrovascular Disease,Cerebrovascular Disorder,Cerebrovascular Insufficiencies,Cerebrovascular Occlusions,Disease, Cerebrovascular,Diseases, Cerebrovascular,Insufficiencies, Cerebrovascular,Insufficiency, Cerebrovascular,Intracranial Vascular Disease,Intracranial Vascular Diseases,Intracranial Vascular Disorder,Occlusion, Cerebrovascular,Occlusions, Cerebrovascular,Vascular Disease, Intracranial,Vascular Disorder, Brain,Vascular Disorder, Intracranial,Vascular Disorders, Brain,Vascular Disorders, Intracranial
D004338	Drug Combinations	Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.	Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D004359	Drug Therapy, Combination	Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.	Combination Chemotherapy,Polychemotherapy,Chemotherapy, Combination,Combination Drug Therapy,Drug Polytherapy,Therapy, Combination Drug,Chemotherapies, Combination,Combination Chemotherapies,Combination Drug Therapies,Drug Polytherapies,Drug Therapies, Combination,Polychemotherapies,Polytherapies, Drug,Polytherapy, Drug,Therapies, Combination Drug
D005466	Fluorocarbons	Liquid perfluorinated carbon compounds which may or may not contain a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, but do not contain another halogen or hydrogen atom. This concept includes fluorocarbon emulsions, and fluorocarbon blood substitutes. Perfluorinated and related polyfluorinated chemicals are referred to as PFAS and are defined as chemicals with at least two adjacent carbon atoms, where one carbon is fully fluorinated and the other is at least partially fluorinated.	Fluorocarbon,Fluorocarbon Emulsion,Fluorocarbon Emulsions,Fluorotelomer Phosphate Esters,N-Alkyl Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamido Carboxylates,PFAS Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,PFC Perfluorinated Chemicals,PFECAs Perfluoropolyether Carboxylic Acids,Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,Perfluoroalkane Sulfonamides,Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylates,Perfluoroalkyl Ether Carboxylates,Perfluoroalkyl Polyether Carboxylates,Perfluorocarbon,Perfluorocarbons,Perfluoropolyether Carboxylic Acids,Polyfluorocarbons,Fluorinated Telomer Alcohols,Fluoro-Telomer Alcohols,Polyfluorinated Telomer Alcohols,Telomer Fluorocarbons,Acids, Perfluoropolyether Carboxylic,Alcohols, Fluorinated Telomer,Alcohols, Fluoro-Telomer,Alcohols, Polyfluorinated Telomer,Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl,Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl Ether,Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl Polyether,Carboxylic Acids, Perfluoropolyether,Chemicals, PFC Perfluorinated,Emulsion, Fluorocarbon,Emulsions, Fluorocarbon,Esters, Fluorotelomer Phosphate,Ether Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl,Fluoro Telomer Alcohols,Fluorocarbons, Telomer,N Alkyl Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonamido Carboxylates,PFAS Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,Perfluorinated Chemicals, PFC,Phosphate Esters, Fluorotelomer,Polyether Carboxylates, Perfluoroalkyl,Sulfonamides, Perfluoroalkane,Telomer Alcohols, Fluorinated,Telomer Alcohols, Polyfluorinated
D006895	Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives	Starches that have been chemically modified so that a percentage of OH groups are substituted with 2-hydroxyethyl ether groups.	Hetastarch,Elohes,HAES-steril,Hemohes,Hespan,Hydroxyethyl Starch (130 KD-0.4 Substitution),Hydroxyethyl Starch 130-0.4,Hydroxyethylated Starches,Pentafraction,Pentaspan,Pentastarch,Plasmasteril,Starches, 2-Hydroxyethyl,2-Hydroxyethyl Starches,Derivatives, Hydroxyethyl Starch,Hydroxyethyl Starch 130 0.4,Starch Derivatives, Hydroxyethyl,Starches, 2 Hydroxyethyl,Starches, Hydroxyethylated
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia