Rhesus haemolytic disease of the newborn is a condition which can result in intrauterine or perinatal death. Although the passive administration of therapeutic anti-D post-partum is a most effective method for the prevention of this condition, there is currently a shortage of immune plasma for the preparation of the therapeutic anti-D immunoglobulin product. In addition the availability of anti-D for use in blood grouping has also been reduced. The advances made in recent years in the techniques for the production of human monoclonal antibodies raise the possibility that human monoclonal anti-D-based products may provide solutions to both of these problems. There are now a number of reports of the production of stable cell lines secreting high titre human anti-D. In this review we consider the various strategies used in the production of human monoclonal anti-D-secreting cell lines, the basic properties of these reagents and their potential usefulness in blood grouping, in therapy and as research tools.