Mechanisms of Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria Following Radiation Exposure. 2019

Eun Ju Kim, and Minyoung Lee, and Da Yeon Kim, and Kwang Il Kim, and Jae Youn Yi
Division of Basic Radiation Bioscience, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea. ejkim@kirams.re.kr.

An understanding of cellular processes that determine the response to ionizing radiation exposure is essential for improving radiotherapy and assessing risks to human health after accidental radiation exposure. Radiation exposure leads to many biological effects, but the mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of radiation are not well known. Here, we investigated the effects of radiation exposure on the metabolic rate and mitochondrial bioenergetics in skeletal muscle. We show that ionizing radiation increased mitochondrial protein and mass and enhanced proton leak and mitochondrial maximal respiratory capacity, causing an increase in the fraction of mitochondrial respiration devoted to uncoupling reactions. Thus, mice and cells treated with radiation became energetically efficient and displayed increased fatty acid and amino acid oxidation metabolism through the citric acid cycle. Finally, we demonstrate that radiation-induced alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism involved adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase signaling in skeletal muscle. Together, these results demonstrate that alterations in mitochondrial mass and function are important adaptive responses of skeletal muscle to radiation.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008813 Mice, Inbred ICR An inbred strain of mouse that is used as a general purpose research strain, for therapeutic drug testing, and for the genetic analysis of CARCINOGEN-induced COLON CANCER. Mice, Inbred ICRC,Mice, ICR,Mouse, ICR,Mouse, Inbred ICR,Mouse, Inbred ICRC,ICR Mice,ICR Mice, Inbred,ICR Mouse,ICR Mouse, Inbred,ICRC Mice, Inbred,ICRC Mouse, Inbred,Inbred ICR Mice,Inbred ICR Mouse,Inbred ICRC Mice,Inbred ICRC Mouse
D008928 Mitochondria Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed) Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D002478 Cells, Cultured Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D004734 Energy Metabolism The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells. Bioenergetics,Energy Expenditure,Bioenergetic,Energy Expenditures,Energy Metabolisms,Expenditure, Energy,Expenditures, Energy,Metabolism, Energy,Metabolisms, Energy
D000069079 Radiation Exposure Phenomenon in which organisms are subjected to radiation. Exposure, Radiation
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014916 Whole-Body Irradiation Irradiation of the whole body with ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. It is applicable to humans or animals but not to microorganisms. Radiation, Whole-Body,Total Body Irradiation,Irradiation, Total Body,Irradiation, Whole-Body,Whole-Body Radiation,Irradiation, Whole Body,Irradiations, Total Body,Irradiations, Whole-Body,Radiation, Whole Body,Radiations, Whole-Body,Total Body Irradiations,Whole Body Irradiation,Whole Body Radiation,Whole-Body Irradiations,Whole-Body Radiations
D014965 X-Rays Penetrating electromagnetic radiation emitted when the inner orbital electrons of an atom are excited and release radiant energy. X-ray wavelengths range from 1 pm to 10 nm. Hard X-rays are the higher energy, shorter wavelength X-rays. Soft x-rays or Grenz rays are less energetic and longer in wavelength. The short wavelength end of the X-ray spectrum overlaps the GAMMA RAYS wavelength range. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source. Grenz Ray,Grenz Rays,Roentgen Ray,Roentgen Rays,X Ray,X-Ray,Xray,Radiation, X,X-Radiation,Xrays,Ray, Grenz,Ray, Roentgen,Ray, X,Rays, Grenz,Rays, Roentgen,Rays, X,X Radiation,X Rays,X-Radiations
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus

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