Biomaterial Database

The heat produced by frog muscle in a series of contractions with shortening. 1979

M Irving, and R C Woledge, and K Yamada

1. Heat production has been measured in muscles undergoing rapid shortening 1 sec after the start of stimulation in a 2 sec tetanus. In a series of three such tetani where the periods of shortening were separated by 5 sec the shortening heats in the second and third tetani were 111 (+/- 4)% and 116 (+/- 6)% respectively of that in the first tetanus (mean +/- S.E. of mean, nine experiments). 2. When a similar series was carried out after an interval of 3 min the shortening heat in the first tetanus of the second series was 127 (+/- 3)% of that in the first tetanus of the first series (mean +/- S.E. of mean, three experiments). 3. The results are not in agreement with those of Dickinson & Woledge (1974). The discrepancy is explained by an artifact which, with certain arrangements of the apparatus, affects the measurements of shortening heat in a series of contractions. We have measured this artifact by two independent methods; the shortening heat values quoted above have been corrected accordingly. 4. The increase in the shortening heat in repeated contractions is not a specific consequence of previous shortening; an increase of the same magnitude is observed following isometric tetani. 5. During the time when the muscle is shortening, the total rate of heat production, which is initially high, falls to a steady value. This value is not significantly different in the three tetani of the series.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009119	Muscle Contraction	A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D009132	Muscles	Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.	Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D011896	Rana temporaria	A species of the family Ranidae occurring in a wide variety of habitats from within the Arctic Circle to South Africa, Australia, etc.	European Common Frog,Frog, Common European,Common European Frog,Common Frog, European,European Frog, Common,Frog, European Common
D001833	Body Temperature Regulation	The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.	Heat Loss,Thermoregulation,Regulation, Body Temperature,Temperature Regulation, Body,Body Temperature Regulations,Heat Losses,Loss, Heat,Losses, Heat,Regulations, Body Temperature,Temperature Regulations, Body,Thermoregulations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001001	Anura	An order of the class Amphibia, which includes several families of frogs and toads. They are characterized by well developed hind limbs adapted for jumping, fused head and trunk and webbed toes. The term "toad" is ambiguous and is properly applied only to the family Bufonidae.	Bombina,Frogs and Toads,Salientia,Toad, Fire-Bellied,Toads and Frogs,Anuras,Fire-Bellied Toad,Fire-Bellied Toads,Salientias,Toad, Fire Bellied,Toads, Fire-Bellied
D066298	In Vitro Techniques	Methods to study reactions or processes taking place in an artificial environment outside the living organism.	In Vitro Test,In Vitro Testing,In Vitro Tests,In Vitro as Topic,In Vitro,In Vitro Technique,In Vitro Testings,Technique, In Vitro,Techniques, In Vitro,Test, In Vitro,Testing, In Vitro,Testings, In Vitro,Tests, In Vitro,Vitro Testing, In