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Six cases of paraplegic, post-traumatic spasticity, alleviated by percutaneous epidural neurostimulation with temporary or permanent implanted neuroelectrodes from the L1 to L4 intervertebral levels are presented. Modulation of this spasticity and secondary beneficial physiological effects were achieved, including regulation of bowel regimens, production of sweating and piloerection below the level of the lesion, and morning erections. The main advantages of percutaneous epidural neurostimulation in modulating spasticity are the avoidance of destructive neurosurgical procedures, the regulation of secondary physiological and autonomic responses, the avoidance of antispasticity medications, and the reversibility of the neurostimulation procedure.
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
March 1978,
Surgical neurology,
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
December 1979,
Neurosurgery,
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
January 2024,
SAGE open medical case reports,
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
July 1971,
American journal of obstetrics and gynecology,
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
November 1979,
Medical progress through technology,
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
November 1969,
Paraplegia,
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
July 1942,
The Indian medical gazette,
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
January 2014,
Regional anesthesia and pain medicine,
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
October 2005,
Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society,
R R Richardson, and
L J Cerullo, and
D G McLone, and
F A Gutierrez, and
V Lewis
June 1993,
The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne,
