BACKGROUND The aetiology of pityriasis alba (PA) remains uncertain, and children are at risk for PA and intestinal parasites. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in PA patients and to evaluate their possible role in PA pathogenesis. METHODS Overall, 180 PA patients and 100 healthy individuals were enrolled. Intestinal parasites were diagnosed by triple coproscopy, and the total serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were determined by ELISA. PA patients with intestinal parasites were treated with conventional antiparasitic drugs. Patient response to antiparasitic therapy was evaluated after 6 weeks. RESULTS The prevalence of intestinal parasites in PA patients and controls was 60 ± 3.6% and 32 ± 4.6%, respectively (P < .0001). Regardless of the parasite species among the PA patients and control individuals, the total IgE levels were significantly higher in PA patients (P ≤ .05). The highest values of IgE were found in PA patients with Hymenolepis nana (641.7 ± 46.3 IU/mL). The total IgE level in PA patients with parasites decreased after antiparasitic therapy, but the reduction was only significant in patients with H. nana (P < .05). Complete disappearance of hypopigmented patches was observed after the elimination of H. nana, Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis in 65 ± 10.6%, 48.7 ± 8.0% and 33.3 ± 8.2% of cases, respectively. In total, a positive clinical response to antiparasitic therapy was achieved in 60 ± 4.7% of infected PA patients. CONCLUSIONS A positive clinical response to antiparasitic therapy indicates the role of intestinal parasites in PA pathogenesis. Parasitological examination is justified by the recovery of 60 ± 4.7% of infected PA patients after the elimination of intestinal parasites.