BACKGROUND Dispensing granule, an innovative product of traditional Chinese medicine decoction, is widely practiced in clinic. As a prerequisite to support the clinical medication, quality consistency between dispensing granule and traditional decoction need to be evaluated. Furthermore, a generally applicable strategy for consistency evaluation of dispensing granule is needed. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to propose an integrated quality-based strategy to assess consistency between dispensing granule and traditional decoction taking Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) as a case study. METHODS For chemical consistency evaluation, efficacy-related Coptis alkaloids were quantified with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The "Mean ± 3SD" of analyte contents in traditional decoction was considered as the criterion of consistency. And, as auxiliary analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed for data visualisation. For biological consistency evaluation, two one-side t-tests and 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of antibacterial zone diameter and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of α-glucosidase inhibition were calculated. The scope of 80.00% to 125.00% was taken as in vitro bioequivalence interval. It was considered internally consistent with traditional decoction when the chemical and biological indices of dispensing granule fulfilled the preset criteria simultaneously. RESULTS Eight out of 20 batches of CR dispensing granule were demonstrated consistent with traditional decoction in chemistry and biological activities. CONCLUSIONS A generally applicable strategy was recommended that integrates chemical and biological characteristics for consistency evaluation of dispensing granule.