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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Citral Against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae. 2020

Weidong Qian, and Miao Liu, and Yuting Fu, and Ting Wang, and Jianing Zhang, and Min Yang, and Zhaohuan Sun, and Xiang Li, and Yongdong Li
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P.R. China.

Citral that is produced in the essential oils of plants is an isomeric mixture of geranial and neral. Few recent studies exhibited robust antibacterial activity of citral against several pathogens. However, little is reported about effects of citral on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (CREC). The purpose of this study was to assess antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of citral against CREC. Here, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of citral against CREC were determined by the agar dilution method. Antibacterial mode of citral against CREC was elucidated by evaluating changes in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, intracellular pH (pHin), membrane potential, membrane integrity, and cell morphology. In addition, CREC cell damage within biofilms was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that the MIC of citral against CREC was 1000 μg/mL. Citral inhibited CREC growth and destroyed its cell membrane integrity, as measured by the decrease of intracellular ATP, pH, and membrane potential as well as distinctive deformation in cellular morphology. CLSM images demonstrated that citral could inactivate CREC cells within biofilms. These results revealed that citral exhibits potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against CREC, and thus has potential to be used as natural food preservatives to control CREC-associated infection spread.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008826 Microbial Sensitivity Tests Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). Bacterial Sensitivity Tests,Drug Sensitivity Assay, Microbial,Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,Antibacterial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Antibiogram,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Bacterial Sensitivity Test,Breakpoint Determination, Antibacterial Susceptibility,Breakpoint Determination, Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Fungal Drug Sensitivity Tests,Fungus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Sensitivity Test, Bacterial,Sensitivity Tests, Bacterial,Test, Bacterial Sensitivity,Tests, Bacterial Sensitivity,Viral Drug Sensitivity Tests,Virus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Antibiograms,Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory,Concentrations, Minimum Inhibitory,Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum,Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum,Microbial Sensitivity Test,Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations,Sensitivity Test, Microbial,Sensitivity Tests, Microbial,Test, Microbial Sensitivity,Tests, Microbial Sensitivity
D004756 Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. Enterobacterial Infections,Cronobacter Infections,Infections, Enterobacteriaceae,Infections, Enterobacterial,Cronobacter Infection,Enterobacteriaceae Infection,Enterobacterial Infection,Infection, Cronobacter,Infection, Enterobacteriaceae,Infection, Enterobacterial,Infections, Cronobacter
D005506 Food Contamination The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage. Food Adulteration,Adulteration, Food,Adulterations, Food,Contamination, Food,Contaminations, Food,Food Adulterations,Food Contaminations
D000073182 Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Strains of Enterobacteriaceae that are resistant to CARBAPENEMS, primarily due to the acquisition of carbapenemase (BETA-LACTAMASE) genes. Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae
D000080462 Acyclic Monoterpenes Linear compounds that contain a single monoterpene unit. Monoterpenes, Acyclic
D000900 Anti-Bacterial Agents Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. Anti-Bacterial Agent,Anti-Bacterial Compound,Anti-Mycobacterial Agent,Antibacterial Agent,Antibiotics,Antimycobacterial Agent,Bacteriocidal Agent,Bacteriocide,Anti-Bacterial Compounds,Anti-Mycobacterial Agents,Antibacterial Agents,Antibiotic,Antimycobacterial Agents,Bacteriocidal Agents,Bacteriocides,Agent, Anti-Bacterial,Agent, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agent, Antibacterial,Agent, Antimycobacterial,Agent, Bacteriocidal,Agents, Anti-Bacterial,Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agents, Antibacterial,Agents, Antimycobacterial,Agents, Bacteriocidal,Anti Bacterial Agent,Anti Bacterial Agents,Anti Bacterial Compound,Anti Bacterial Compounds,Anti Mycobacterial Agent,Anti Mycobacterial Agents,Compound, Anti-Bacterial,Compounds, Anti-Bacterial
D018441 Biofilms Encrustations formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedded in an EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCE MATRIX that is secreted by the microbes. They occur on body surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); inanimate objects, and bodies of water. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and anti-fouling agents. Biofilm

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