Substitution of bisphenol A: a review of the carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption potential of alternative substances. 2020

Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

The use of bisphenol A (BPA) is restricted due to its reproductive toxicity and endocrine disrupting (ED) properties. The public concern and regulatory restrictions on BPA stimulated the development of alternative substances to replace BPA. The aim of this study is to review the available data on carcinogenic, mutagenic, reproductive toxicity, and ED properties of BPA alternatives used in consumer products. The focus is on the potential hazard for (young) children and/or pregnant women. An inventory of known potential alternative substances (n = 99) was made, of which 20 were prioritized based on reported use by the general population. For all the selected alternatives, data on ED potential, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity was very limited or even absent (i.e. Tefacid Stearic 95, Bisphenol C, AP, and P). For the alternative substances bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol AF (BPAF), p-tert-butylphenol and to a lesser extent bisphenol F (BPF), fluorine-9-bisphenol (BHPF), bisphenol E, M, and Z (BPE, BPM, BPZ), Irganox 1076, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the data indicates a reproductive toxicity hazard with a possible ED mode of action. 3,3',5,5'-Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) tested positive for carcinogenicity. Data gaps are present for most of these substances. In this study, data on reproductive toxicity and/or ED potential were only negative, although not complete, for benzoic acid and Irganox 1010, tetra methyl bis phenol F (TMBPF) and bisphenol-A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP). A full evaluation of all data, including in vitro data, is recommended to guide targeted testing prioritization.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010636 Phenols Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
D012098 Reproduction The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed) Human Reproductive Index,Human Reproductive Indexes,Reproductive Period,Human Reproductive Indices,Index, Human Reproductive,Indexes, Human Reproductive,Indices, Human Reproductive,Period, Reproductive,Periods, Reproductive,Reproductive Index, Human,Reproductive Indices, Human,Reproductive Periods
D002273 Carcinogens Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included. Carcinogen,Oncogen,Oncogens,Tumor Initiator,Tumor Initiators,Tumor Promoter,Tumor Promoters,Initiator, Tumor,Initiators, Tumor,Promoter, Tumor,Promoters, Tumor
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001559 Benzhydryl Compounds Compounds which contain the methyl radical substituted with two benzene rings. Permitted are any substituents, but ring fusion to any of the benzene rings is not allowed. Diphenylmethyl Compounds,Compounds, Benzhydryl,Compounds, Diphenylmethyl
D013450 Sulfones Sulfone
D052244 Endocrine Disruptors Exogenous agents, synthetic and naturally occurring, which are capable of disrupting the functions of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM including the maintenance of HOMEOSTASIS and the regulation of developmental processes. Endocrine disruptors are compounds that can mimic HORMONES, or enhance or block the binding of hormones to their receptors, or otherwise lead to activating or inhibiting the endocrine signaling pathways and hormone metabolism. Endocrine Disrupting Chemical,Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,Endocrine Disruptor,Endocrine Disruptor Effect,Endocrine Disruptor Effects,Chemical, Endocrine Disrupting,Chemicals, Endocrine Disrupting,Disrupting Chemical, Endocrine,Disruptor Effect, Endocrine,Disruptor Effects, Endocrine,Disruptor, Endocrine,Disruptors, Endocrine,Effect, Endocrine Disruptor,Effects, Endocrine Disruptor

Related Publications

Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
September 2019, Toxicology letters,
Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
September 2000, American journal of industrial medicine,
Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
August 2023, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP,
Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
March 2010, Molecules (Basel, Switzerland),
Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
January 2013, Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946),
Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
November 2015, Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology,
Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
February 2009, Endocrine reviews,
Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
December 2019, Toxicologic pathology,
Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
November 2009, Toxicology letters,
Shalenie P den Braver-Sewradj, and Rob van Spronsen, and Ellen V S Hessel
April 2008, International journal of andrology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!