Andrographolide ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and histological outcome in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. 2020

Shasha Luo, and He Li, and Jingjing Liu, and Xiaoqian Xie, and Zhijie Wan, and Yale Wang, and Zeyue Zhao, and Xiaohan Wu, and Xinxin Li, and Min Yang, and Xiaotian Li
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 100 Kexue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.

OBJECTIVE As one of the main active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine Andrographis paniculate, andrographolide is used in domestic clinical treatment for respiratory infections and inflammation. This study was designed to investigate the effects of andrographolide as an antioxidant on the level of oxidative stress, neutrophil accumulation and infiltration in joints and synovial tissue of arthritis rats induced by complete freund's adjuvant. METHODS A rat model of rheumatoid arthritis was induced by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant in the footpad. The model was established 14 days after induction. The treatment was performed from 14th day to 35th day with different doses of andrographolide (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) and positive control methotrexate (3 mg/kg). The effects of andrographolide on oxidative stress, neutrophil accumulation and infiltration were measured by the paw swelling, arthritis score, the hot plate test, biochemical analysis, and histology. RESULTS The medium and high-dose andrographolide (50, 100 mg/kg) group declined the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and CXC chemokine ligand2, articular elastase and myeloperoxidase, and increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione. The activity of malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate in andrographolide (50, 100 mg/kg) group was weakened than the model group. The degree of swelling and arthritis score of andrographolide group was lower than the model group. The results of hot plate test showed that high dose of andrographolide significantly improved the anti-injury ability of rats; Radiological and histological results showed that the joint osteoporosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia and other phenomena in the andrographolide group were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS Andrographolide acts as a protective agent for the treatment of complete freund's adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and nitrite/nitrate levels in a dose-dependent manner, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing levels of chemokines and inflammatory factors, preventing neutrophil accumulation and infiltration.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007249 Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Innate Inflammatory Response,Inflammations,Inflammatory Response, Innate,Innate Inflammatory Responses
D007596 Joints Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed. Joint
D008297 Male Males
D008727 Methotrexate An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA. Amethopterin,Methotrexate Hydrate,Methotrexate Sodium,Methotrexate, (D)-Isomer,Methotrexate, (DL)-Isomer,Methotrexate, Dicesium Salt,Methotrexate, Disodium Salt,Methotrexate, Sodium Salt,Mexate,Dicesium Salt Methotrexate,Hydrate, Methotrexate,Sodium, Methotrexate
D009504 Neutrophils Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. LE Cells,Leukocytes, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils,Neutrophil Band Cells,Band Cell, Neutrophil,Cell, LE,LE Cell,Leukocyte, Polymorphonuclear,Neutrophil,Neutrophil Band Cell,Neutrophil, Polymorphonuclear,Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte,Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil
D002374 Catalase An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA. Catalase A,Catalase T,Manganese Catalase,Mn Catalase
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D004224 Diterpenes Twenty-carbon compounds derived from MEVALONIC ACID or deoxyxylulose phosphate. Diterpene,Diterpenes, Cembrane,Diterpenes, Labdane,Diterpenoid,Labdane Diterpene,Norditerpene,Norditerpenes,Norditerpenoid,Cembranes,Diterpenoids,Labdanes,Norditerpenoids,Cembrane Diterpenes,Diterpene, Labdane,Labdane Diterpenes
D004487 Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. Dropsy,Hydrops,Anasarca
D005620 Freund's Adjuvant An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria. Freund Adjuvant,Adjuvant, Freund,Adjuvant, Freund's,Freunds Adjuvant

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