Colorimetric-enzymatic determination of tyramine by generation of gold nanoparticles. 2020

Jesús Navarro, and Susana de Marcos, and Javier Galbán
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Aragón Institute of Nanoscience (INA-ICMA), University of Zaragoza, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain.

In this paper, it has been demonstrated that Au(III) is able to act instead of O2 in the oxidase enzymatic reaction, so that it becomes reduced to purple gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The plasmon band (at 540 nm) can be used as the analytical signal. Tyramine has been determined using its enzymatic reaction with tyramine oxidase (TAO). The kinetic of the AuNP formation has been studied in the light of both the Avrami equation for crystallization and the Finke-Watsy mechanism for AuNP nucleation and growth. The effects of the Au(III), TAO and tyramine concentrations on the corresponding kinetic constants have been investigated. Working at room temperature, under optimal conditions (phosphate buffer pH 7.0, TAO 0.5 U.mL-1 Au(III) 1 mM), the linear response ranges from 2.5 × 10-5 M to 3.3 × 10-4 M Tyramine (5.6% RSD) and the LOD is 2.9 × 10-6 M. Under these conditions, the signal is measured after 30 min reaction (to obtain the highest sensitivity), but this time can be significantly reduced by increasing the temperature (the reaction is finished after 4 min when working at 50 °C). The method has been applied to tyramine determination in a cheese sample with good results. The new scheme proposed in this paper can be extended, in principle, to other enzymatic methods based on oxidase enzymes. Graphical abstractTyramine is determined by measuring the plasmon band of the gold nanoparticles formed during its enzymatic reaction with Tyramine oxidase. Moreover, a mathematical model has been developed to explain the formation of the gold nanoparticles during the reaction.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D003124 Colorimetry Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
D006046 Gold A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014439 Tyramine An indirect sympathomimetic that occurs naturally in cheese and other foods. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and MONOAMINE OXIDASE to prolong the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals and may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems. 4-(2-Aminoethyl)phenol,4-Hydroxyphenethylamine,p-Tyramine,para-Tyramine,4 Hydroxyphenethylamine
D015374 Biosensing Techniques Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal. Bioprobes,Biosensors,Electrodes, Enzyme,Biosensing Technics,Bioprobe,Biosensing Technic,Biosensing Technique,Biosensor,Electrode, Enzyme,Enzyme Electrode,Enzyme Electrodes,Technic, Biosensing,Technics, Biosensing,Technique, Biosensing,Techniques, Biosensing
D053768 Metal Nanoparticles Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver. Metal Nanocrystals,Metallic Nanocrystals,Metallic Nanoparticles,Metal Nanocrystal,Metal Nanoparticle,Metallic Nanocrystal,Metallic Nanoparticle,Nanocrystal, Metal,Nanocrystal, Metallic,Nanocrystals, Metal,Nanocrystals, Metallic,Nanoparticle, Metal,Nanoparticle, Metallic,Nanoparticles, Metal,Nanoparticles, Metallic

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