Evaluation of Fipronil Susceptibility in the Lone Star Tick (Acari: Ixodidae). 2020

Zachary D Kaplan, and Elise A Richardson, and Phillip E Kaufman, and Emma N I Weeks
UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Dr, Gainesville, FL.

The lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus, is ubiquitously present in the southeastern United States and will readily parasitize humans and companion animals. Fipronil is the active ingredient in several topically applied products used to manage ticks and fleas on companion animals. Reducing ectoparasite infestations on companion animals decreases the risk that pathogens vectored by these pests are transmitted to these animals and their owners. However, dependence on acaricides can promote the development of resistance. In this study, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations larval packet test was used to determine the lethal concentration (LC) values and discriminating concentration (DC) for fipronil in the lone star tick. The DC was calculated as 0.02080%. The low magnitude of the DC value suggests that fipronil is an effective active ingredient for A. americanum management. With the LC and DC values determined, emergent resistance can be monitored, potentially allowing for intervention should tolerance develop in A. americanum populations that are in frequent contact with humans and their companion animals.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007814 Larva Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals. Maggots,Tadpoles,Larvae,Maggot,Tadpole
D011720 Pyrazoles Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.
D004351 Drug Resistance Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration. Resistance, Drug
D000082762 Amblyomma A genus of hardbacked TICKS, in the family IXODIDAE. It includes the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, and the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum, in the Americas. Amblyomma americanum is the primary vector of EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS and EHRLICHIA EWINGII which cause EHRLICHIOSIS. Other Amblyomma-associated diseases include TULAREMIA and RICKETTSIOSIS. Amblyomma americanum,Amblyomma maculatum,Amblyomma triguttatum,Amblyomma variegatum,Aponomma,Gulf Coast Tick,Lone Star Tick,Lone-Star Tick,Ornate Kangaroo Tick,Tropical Bont Tick,Lone Star Ticks,Lone-Star Ticks,Ornate Kangaroo Ticks,Tick, Gulf Coast,Tick, Lone Star,Tick, Lone-Star,Tick, Ornate Kangaroo,Tick, Tropical Bont,Tropical Bont Ticks
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013983 Tick Control Chemical, biological, or medical measures designed to prevent the spread of ticks or the concomitant infestations which result in tick-borne diseases. It includes the veterinary as well as the public health aspects of tick and mite control. Mite Control,Control, Mite,Control, Tick,Controls, Mite
D056810 Acaricides A pesticide or chemical agent that kills mites and ticks. This is a large class that includes carbamates, formamides, organochlorines, organophosphates, etc, that act as antibiotics or growth regulators. Acaricide,Mite Control Agent,Miticide,Agent, Mite Control,Control Agent, Mite

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