BACKGROUND This study was designed to characterize the role of the dental pulp (DP) in age estimation. OBJECTIVE The analysis of age-related quantifiable changes in DP components such as odontoblasts, collagen fibers, and blood vessels. METHODS One hundred and twenty extracted teeth from six age groups (20-30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years, and 71-80 years) were subjected to decalcification and routine histopathological processing followed by Hematoxylin and Eosin and Picrosirius Red staining. Evaluation of the number of odontoblasts, mean vessel area (MVA), mean vessel diameter (MVD), and collagen fiber thickness were done. METHODS ANOVA test, Fisher's test, and Regression Analysis. RESULTS Reduction in the number of odontoblasts/mm of pulp-dentinal border, MVA, and MVD were seen with advancing age. Rise in collagen fiber thickness was noted with increasing age. All parameters showed strongly statistically significant differences between age groups with P < 0.001 (ANOVA test). CONCLUSIONS Regression formulae derived for age estimation based on data collected demonstrated linear correlation with age. Collagen fiber thickness had the highest accuracy followed by odontoblast numbers and MVA. MVD was the least accurate among the factors considered. However, the highest accuracy of 90.9% was seen when all parameters were incorporated together in a single equation.