[A practical approach to the diagnosis of cardiomyopathy: a roadmap from the phenotype]. 2020

Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
U.O. Cardiologia, Ospedale di Rimini, AUSL della Romagna.

Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of cardiac diseases for which diagnosis and treatment are not always simple. The diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, in particular the etiology, comes from an integration between symptoms and results collected by several instrumental exams. The brain storming for the diagnosis includes also the identification of the "red flags", i.e. the pathognomonic features for each etiology that can drive the choice of appropriate diagnostic tests and therapy. In this review, we provide a step by step approach in order to help cardiologists, not specifically dedicated to cardiomyopathies, to draw the diagnosis, therapy and follow-up. This approach will be accompanied by the consultation of other specialists to discuss together the results of the exams performed and to deepen extracardiac signs and symptoms.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009202 Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). Myocardial Disease,Myocardial Diseases,Myocardial Diseases, Primary,Myocardial Diseases, Secondary,Myocardiopathies,Primary Myocardial Disease,Cardiomyopathies, Primary,Cardiomyopathies, Secondary,Primary Myocardial Diseases,Secondary Myocardial Diseases,Cardiomyopathy,Cardiomyopathy, Primary,Cardiomyopathy, Secondary,Disease, Myocardial,Disease, Primary Myocardial,Disease, Secondary Myocardial,Diseases, Myocardial,Diseases, Primary Myocardial,Diseases, Secondary Myocardial,Myocardial Disease, Primary,Myocardial Disease, Secondary,Myocardiopathy,Primary Cardiomyopathies,Primary Cardiomyopathy,Secondary Cardiomyopathies,Secondary Cardiomyopathy,Secondary Myocardial Disease
D010641 Phenotype The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment. Phenotypes
D012017 Referral and Consultation The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide. Consultation,Gatekeepers, Health Service,Hospital Referral,Second Opinion,Consultation and Referral,Health Service Gatekeepers,Hospital Referrals,Referral,Referral, Hospital,Referrals, Hospital,Consultations,Gatekeeper, Health Service,Health Service Gatekeeper,Opinion, Second,Opinions, Second,Referrals,Second Opinions
D002311 Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein. Cardiomyopathy, Congestive,Congestive Cardiomyopathy,Dilated Cardiomyopathy,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 1a,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, Autosomal Recessive,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, CMD1A,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, LMNA,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, With Conduction Defect 1,Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, with Conduction Deffect1,Cardiomyopathy, Familial Idiopathic,Cardiomyopathy, Idiopathic Dilated,Cardiomyopathies, Congestive,Cardiomyopathies, Dilated,Cardiomyopathies, Familial Idiopathic,Cardiomyopathies, Idiopathic Dilated,Congestive Cardiomyopathies,Dilated Cardiomyopathies,Dilated Cardiomyopathies, Idiopathic,Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Idiopathic,Familial Idiopathic Cardiomyopathies,Familial Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy,Idiopathic Cardiomyopathies, Familial,Idiopathic Cardiomyopathy, Familial,Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathies,Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
D002312 Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY). Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive,Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic,Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic Obstructive,Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies,Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy,Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathies,Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy,Obstructive Cardiomyopathies, Hypertrophic,Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
D002313 Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease in which the ventricular walls are excessively rigid, impeding ventricular filling. It is marked by reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles but normal or nearly normal systolic function. It may be idiopathic or associated with other diseases (ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS or AMYLOIDOSIS) causing interstitial fibrosis. Familial Restrictive Cardiomyopathy,Cardiomyopathies, Restrictive,Restrictive Cardiomyopathies,Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
D003937 Diagnosis, Differential Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures. Diagnoses, Differential,Differential Diagnoses,Differential Diagnosis
D004452 Echocardiography Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic. Echocardiography, Contrast,Echocardiography, Cross-Sectional,Echocardiography, M-Mode,Echocardiography, Transthoracic,Echocardiography, Two-Dimensional,Transthoracic Echocardiography,2-D Echocardiography,2D Echocardiography,Contrast Echocardiography,Cross-Sectional Echocardiography,Echocardiography, 2-D,Echocardiography, 2D,M-Mode Echocardiography,Two-Dimensional Echocardiography,2 D Echocardiography,Cross Sectional Echocardiography,Echocardiography, 2 D,Echocardiography, Cross Sectional,Echocardiography, M Mode,Echocardiography, Two Dimensional,M Mode Echocardiography,Two Dimensional Echocardiography
D004562 Electrocardiography Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY. 12-Lead ECG,12-Lead EKG,12-Lead Electrocardiography,Cardiography,ECG,EKG,Electrocardiogram,Electrocardiograph,12 Lead ECG,12 Lead EKG,12 Lead Electrocardiography,12-Lead ECGs,12-Lead EKGs,12-Lead Electrocardiographies,Cardiographies,ECG, 12-Lead,EKG, 12-Lead,Electrocardiograms,Electrocardiographies, 12-Lead,Electrocardiographs,Electrocardiography, 12-Lead
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

Related Publications

Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
April 2002, Indian journal of pediatrics,
Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
September 2016, Journal of human genetics,
Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
April 2013, Gene,
Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
February 1948, American practitioner and digest of treatment,
Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
January 1970, IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering,
Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
November 1992, Postgraduate medicine,
Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
January 2001, Clinical medicine (London, England),
Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
December 2021, Lancet (London, England),
Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
May 2009, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine,
Samuela Carigi, and Simone Longhi, and Francesca Marzo, and Elisa Merli, and Michela Bartolotti, and Giulia Ricci Lucchi, and Elisa Gardini, and Filippo Del Corso, and Elena Barbaresi, and Milva Gobbi, and Giovanna Di Giannuario, and Daniele Grosseto, and Silvia Amati, and Rossella Ferrara, and Filippo Ottani, and Giancarlo Piovaccari
January 2010, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine,
Copied contents to your clipboard!