A lumbar arteriovenous fistula presenting with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. 2020

Brandon A Miller, and Robert Christopher Spears, and Thomas K Hines, and Abdulnasser Alhajeri, and Justin F Fraser
Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA brandonmiller@uky.edu.

Pediatric spinal vascular malformations are rare entities that typically present with symptoms from their effect on surrounding structures. Here we report a unique case of lumbar spinal dural/perimedullary arteriovenous fistula (AVF) that presented with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. The previously healthy child presented with lethargy and headache, and initial imaging revealed only ventriculomegaly with trace intraventricular blood. His mental status improved with CSF diversion via an external ventricular drain. Further workup revealed a spinal AVF that was treated via endovascular embolization. His course was complicated by vasospasm requiring endovascular treatment and he eventually required ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. He made a full recovery and has returned to his normal activities. This is a unique case of spinal AVF presentation and highlights the importance of considering imaging of the entire neuroaxis during workup for hydrocephalus.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008161 Lumbosacral Region Region of the back including the LUMBAR VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, and nearby structures. Lumbar Region,Lumbar Regions,Lumbosacral Regions,Region, Lumbar,Region, Lumbosacral,Regions, Lumbar,Regions, Lumbosacral
D008297 Male Males
D002543 Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhage,Hemorrhage, Cerebrum,Brain Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhage,Cerebral Brain Hemorrhages,Cerebral Hemorrhages,Cerebral Parenchymal Hemorrhages,Cerebrum Hemorrhage,Cerebrum Hemorrhages,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhage, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhage, Intracerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Brain,Hemorrhages, Cerebral Parenchymal,Hemorrhages, Cerebrum,Hemorrhages, Intracerebral,Intracerebral Hemorrhages,Parenchymal Hemorrhage, Cerebral,Parenchymal Hemorrhages, Cerebral
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D004621 Embolization, Therapeutic A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage. Embolotherapy,Therapeutic Embolization,Embolizations, Therapeutic,Embolotherapies,Therapeutic Embolizations
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006849 Hydrocephalus Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA. Communicating Hydrocephalus,Congenital Hydrocephalus,Obstructive Hydrocephalus,Post-Traumatic Hydrocephalus,Aqueductal Stenosis,Cerebral Ventriculomegaly,Fetal Cerebral Ventriculomegaly,Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo,Hydrocephaly,Aqueductal Stenoses,Cerebral Ventriculomegalies,Cerebral Ventriculomegalies, Fetal,Cerebral Ventriculomegaly, Fetal,Fetal Cerebral Ventriculomegalies,Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo,Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuos,Hydrocephalus, Communicating,Hydrocephalus, Congenital,Hydrocephalus, Obstructive,Hydrocephalus, Post-Traumatic,Post Traumatic Hydrocephalus,Stenoses, Aqueductal,Stenosis, Aqueductal,Ventriculomegalies, Cerebral,Ventriculomegalies, Fetal Cerebral,Ventriculomegaly, Cerebral,Ventriculomegaly, Fetal Cerebral
D017287 Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgical creation of a communication between a cerebral ventricle and the peritoneum by means of a plastic tube to permit drainage of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus. (From Dorland, 28th ed) Ventriculo-peritoneal Shunt,Shunt, Ventriculo-peritoneal,Shunt, Ventriculoperitoneal,Shunts, Ventriculo-peritoneal,Shunts, Ventriculoperitoneal,Ventriculo peritoneal Shunt,Ventriculo-peritoneal Shunts,Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts
D020785 Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations Congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities involving ARTERIES; VEINS; or venous sinuses in the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and MENINGES. CNS Vascular Malformations,Congenital Vascular Malformations, Central Nervous System,Vascular Malformations, Brain,Vascular Malformations, Central Nervous System,Capillary Telangiectasia, Brain,Central Nervous System Congenital Vascular Malformations,Central Nervous System Vascular Anomalies,Cerebral Embryonic Artery, Persistent,Dural Arteriovenous Fistula,Embryonic Artery, Persistent, Cerebral,Persistent Cerebral Embryonic Artery,Pontine Capillary Telangiectasias,Vascular Anomalies, Central Nervous System,Vascular Malformations, Congenital, Nervous System,Arteriovenous Fistula, Dural,Arteriovenous Fistulas, Dural,Brain Capillary Telangiectasia,Brain Capillary Telangiectasias,Brain Vascular Malformation,Brain Vascular Malformations,CNS Vascular Malformation,Capillary Telangiectasia, Pontine,Capillary Telangiectasias, Brain,Capillary Telangiectasias, Pontine,Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas,Malformation, Brain Vascular,Malformation, CNS Vascular,Malformations, Brain Vascular,Malformations, CNS Vascular,Pontine Capillary Telangiectasia,Telangiectasia, Brain Capillary,Telangiectasia, Pontine Capillary,Telangiectasias, Brain Capillary,Telangiectasias, Pontine Capillary,Vascular Malformation, Brain,Vascular Malformation, CNS,Vascular Malformations, CNS

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