Multiple-staged brain lesions produce fewer and smaller behavioral effects than does damage produced in a single surgery. This is called the serial lesion effect. Two hypotheses were tested, the reduced deficit hypothesis and the serial recovery hypothesis, which attempt to explain the serial lesion effect. The effects of lesions of the medial frontal cortex on sensorimotor behavior were investigated in rats that received bilateral damage in a single surgery (n = 7), in two unilateral stages separated by 3 weeks (n = 16), or unilateral damage followed 3 weeks later by a sham surgery (n = 5). Unilateral damage produced deficits on the contralateral side in responsivity to visual, tactile, and olfactory stimuli and impairments in roll-over and paw withdrawal motor responses. All behavioral impairments except visual placement recovered over the next 3 weeks. A second unilateral lesion on the contralateral side produced the same symptoms but on the opposite side of the body. There was no reinstatement of the previously recovered deficits. Bilateral damage incurred in a single stage produced these same deficits on both sides. Because the effects of the second unilateral lesion in the two-stage group produced comparable contralateral effects to those produced in the single-stage group, but no reinstatement of ipsilateral deficits occurred, the reduced deficit hypothesis was rejected. It was concluded that at least for medial frontal cortex damage, the serial lesion effect occurred as a result of serial recovery of the deficits.